“一定”的词汇化语法化探析

Lexicalization and Grammaticalization's Exploration of “Yiding”

副词"一定"在现代汉语中的用例十分普遍,使用范围非常广,从历时角度理清其形成过程,对我们掌握其用法有积极意义。"一定"在唐代以前尚是一个松散的非词短语,表示"一经确定/制定"的意思,表示"必然"之义的副词用法,萌芽于唐末五代,形成于宋元,在明清之际,经过在通俗文学作品中的大量使用进而成熟,最终固化。"一定"由短语演变为副词的词汇化、语法化过程可以说是一个短语特性不断弱化以至最终消失的过程,在这个过程中,"一定"的词汇性特征不断加强,最终固化。

The adverb“Yiding”is commonly and widely used in modern Chinese.So figuring out its forming process is of positive significance for us to master its usage from the diachronic perspective.“Yiding”was a loose and non-word phrase before the Tang Dynasty,which expressed the meaning of“once decide/formulate”.The adverb usage that takes on the meaning of“inevitable”budded in the late Tang and Five Dynasties,formed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,matured after the extensive use in popular literature during the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties,and solidified finally.The lexicalization and grammaticalization process of“Yiding”is a process that its phrase characteristic was constantly weakened and disappeared eventually.In this process,the vocabulary features of the“Yiding”was constantly strengthened and finally solidified.