机器人的技术伦理及影响

Robot's Technolocial Ethic and the Influence

技术的发展使得机器人日趋智能化,从机械机器人到仿生机器人甚至到类人机器人的转化背后体现了人类对人造生命的高层次需求。研究从马克思主义对技术发展的批判视角,剖析人与技术互构的产物—机器人,其发展中的人类需求逻辑及所带来的社会性后果。在现有文献与研究成果的基础上,聚焦生产与生活两大领域的机器人"类人化"实践,发现在控制论影响下将机器人和人类同为生命的信息系统后,人类为了提高劳动生产率,拓展人类智力、社交互动、情感需求等层次需要的逻辑下,使得机器人不断"逼近人性"。同时,机器人成为技术合理化的一种方式后,对生产关系带来的冲击与对伦理关系造成的困境等非合理化的社会性后果进行了探讨。

Along with the rapid development of technology,robots or more humanoid machines are becoming more intelligent.The transformation from mechanical robot to bionic robot and humanoid robot reflects greater human's demand of artificial beings.From Marxism's critical perspective on technological development,this paper analyzes the human's demand logic and the social consequences brought by the emergence of robots which are produced by the interaction of human and technology.On the basis of existing researches,this study focuses on two major fields of human production and human living to discuss the robot humanized practices.The paper finds that in control theory,robots and human can both be viewed as life information systems.Therefore,robots could improve human labor productivity and extend the limits of human intelligence,social interaction,emotional needs and etc.,so as to reach the approximation of humanity.In the meantime,this paper discusses the irrational social consequences such as dilemmas brought by the impact on production relations and ethical relation when robots becomes a way of technological rationalization.