著作权集体管理组织:市场功能、角色安排与定价问题

Copyright Collective Management Organization: Problems Concerning Its Market Function, Role Arrangement and Pricing Models

著作权集体管理组织具有降低交易成本、"润滑"交易的市场功能,但其对于著作权人、使用者的价值并不完全一致。集体管理组织的所有活动始终要以著作权人合法利益的实现为基本目标,获得授权的集体管理组织事实上已经成为著作权许可交易的一方当事人,而非提供公益性服务的社会团体。我国集体管理组织获得了制度上的垄断地位,但由于私人授权与作品资源问题,它们尚未拥有事实上的市场垄断地位,而延伸性管理规则的引入则可以使得集体管理组织获得制度垄断与市场垄断的双重优势。我国著作权许可交易市场中主要存在三种定价模式,著作权集体管理许可标准的实施效果并不理想,在著作权许可交易市场中并没有得到著作权人、使用者等相关主体的广泛认同。

The collective management organizations(CMOs)help to reduce transaction cost and facilitate the transaction,however,they are of different value to copyright owners and users.The fundamental goal of CMOs is to realize the legitimate interests of copyright owners.CMOs that receive authorization from copyright owners have become,de facto,a party of the copyright license dealing,rather than social organizations that offer public service.The Chinese CMOs are granted institutional monopolistic status,but due to private authorization and works resources,they don’t enjoy a de facto market dominant position.The introduction of extended collective management gives CMOs dual advantages,i.e.institutional monopoly and market monopoly.There are three pricing models in Chinese copyright licensing market,and the implementation of CMOs licensing standard is not satisfactory,which is not widely accepted by relevant stakeholders including copyright owners and users in copyright licensing market.