脑胶质瘤干细胞分选方法研究进展

Research progress on the separation of glioma stem cells

脑胶质瘤是脑肿瘤中发病率最高、预后最差的肿瘤。越来越多的研究表明脑胶质瘤干细胞在肿瘤发生、维持、转移与复发过程中均发挥着关键性作用。然而,胶质瘤干细胞数量稀少,分离及纯化较难,成为肿瘤干细胞研究的关键性技术瓶颈问题。目前,脑胶质瘤干细胞分选主要可以分为细胞表面标志物分选和不依赖细胞表面标记物分选法两种方式,利用细胞表面标志物分选的特点是分离得到的脑胶质瘤干细胞纯度高,但缺点是该方法破坏了细胞的生物化学性质,不利于后续的检验研究。此外,该方法必须依赖已知的标记物,而对于未知的标记物则无法进行检验。随着微流控芯片技术的发展,不依赖细胞表面标记物分选法得到了长足的发展。本文将结合脑胶质瘤干细胞的生物学特性对脑胶质瘤干细胞分选的常用方法和技术展开探讨,并总结这些分选方法的优势和不足,探讨未来脑胶质瘤干细胞分选研究趋势。

Glioma is the most common type of malignant tumor in the central nervous system,with the highest incidence,mortality rate and the poorest prognosis.More and more researches have shown that glioma stem cells(GSCs)play a crucial role in the process of tumor initiation,retention,transfer and recurrence.However,the scarcity of GSCs and difficulty for isolation and purification have become the key technical bottleneck problem in the research of GSCs.Traditionally,the methods used for the separation of GSCs include affinity capture and non-affinity capture.Cells separated by affinity capture have high purity.However,this kind of separation affects the biological property of the separated cells,causing inconvenience to subsequent studies.Moreover,affinity capture is unreliable when the cell surface markers used are absent.With the development of microfluidic technology,methods for cell separation based on non-affinity capture are being developed.In this study,we will review recent advances in the separation of GSCs based on their biological property,discuss the strengths and disadvantages of theses assays,and explore the trends of research on GSCs sorting.