氮肥运筹对不同类型水稻产量和氮素吸收的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Different Types of Rice

根据水稻的生育特性及氮素需求规律进行氮肥运筹,对于降低水稻氮肥用量、减少稻田氮素损失、提高种稻经济效益以及保护环境都具有重要意义。本文选择杂交稻中浙优1号、常规稻南粳5055为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,就不同氮肥用量及施氮比例对水稻产量及氮素吸收的影响进行了研究。结果表明,不同类型水稻对氮肥的需求存在明显差异,南粳5055施氮量为225 kg/hm2的处理产量明显高于施氮量180 kg/hm2的处理,而中浙优1号相反。不同施氮比例对水稻产量也有明显影响,增加穗肥施用比例对2种水稻的地上部生长量、氮素吸收量及产量均表现出促进作用。上述结果说明,水稻适宜施氮量的确定要根据品种的不同进行调整;氮肥后移有利于水稻产量的提高。

The application of nitrogen fertilizer according to the growth characteristics and nitrogen requirement of rice has important significance to reduce rice nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen loss,improve economic efficiency and protect the environment.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on rice yield and nitrogen uptake,using hybrid indica rice Zhongzheyou 1 and conventional japonica rice Nangeng 5055 as materials.The results showed that there was a significant difference in the nitrogen demand between the two types of rice.Among them,the yield of Nangeng 5055 under the condition of 225 kg N/hm2 was higher than that of 180 kg N/hm2 significantly,while Zhongzheyou 1 was opposite.The ratio of nitrogen application also had a significant effect on rice yield.The increase of the proportion of panicle fertilizer promoted the growth of rice shoot,nitrogen uptake and yield of two kinds of rice.The above results showed that the optimum nitrogen application of rice should be adjusted according to the variety,and higher nitrogen application ratio at panicle stage would be beneficial to the increase of yield.