芝麻DUS测试标准品种的表现与优化

Expression and Optimization of Example Varieties for Sesame DUS testing

为了研究芝麻新品种DUS测试指南中的标准品种在实际测试中的表现并进行优化,对全部31个芝麻标准品种在南京进行2 a的田间试验,依据《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南芝麻》中的观测方法进行记载,并用符合系数(COC)对其田间表现与指南描述的差异性进行了分析。结果显示,芝麻测试指南中31个标准品种中有25个品种的符合系数大于0.990,占80.6%,其中11个品种的符合系数等于1.000。全部33个基本性状中有24个性状的符合系数大于0.990,占72.7%,其中14个性状的符合系数等于1.000。质量性状平均符合系数(1.000)>假质量性状平均符合系数(0.997)>数量性状平均符合系数(0.984)。数量性状中有5个性状的符合系数等于或小于平均数,分别是植株:分枝数、花:花冠茸毛量、蒴果:茸毛量、植株:高度和叶片:裂刻程度。对5个数量性状的9个表达状态相对应标准品种进行了进一步优化。结果表明,大部分芝麻标准品种都表现出了较好的生态适应性和稳定性,只有少数品种的部分性状表现出较大波动。优化后的全套标准品种可供测试人员或育种者使用芝麻指南时参考。

The example varieties are standard varieties that were included in the DUS testing guidelines to standardize or correct the state of the expression of each characteristic.In order to study the actual performances of the example varieties in the DUS testing guidelines for new varieties and optimize them,2 years of field experiment was carried out in Nanjing to test all 31 sesame varieties.Subsequently,data was recorded according to the methods of observation described in the“Guideline for the conduct of tests for distinctness,uniformity and stability Sesame”and differences between field performances and description in the DUS testing guidelines were analyzed by the coefficient of coincidence(COC).The results showed that the COCs of 25 varieties,80.6%of the 31 standard varieties,in sesame test guidelines were more than 0.990.Among these 25 varieties,11 varieties’COCs were equal to 1.000.The COCs of 24 characteristics,72.7%of all the 33 characteristics,were more than 0.990.Among them 14 COCs were equal to 1.000.The average COC of quality traits was 1.000 followed by pseudoquality traits of 0.997 and quantitative traits of 0.984.The COCs of 5 quantitative characteristics including plant:branch number,flowers:corolla hairy,capsule:hairs,plant:height,and leaf:cracking degree were equal to or less than the average COC,therefore the example varieties corresponding to 9 expression of the 5 quantitative characteristics were further optimized.The results showed that most of the sesame example varieties exhibited good ecological adaptability and stability,and only a few varieties exhibited large fluctuations.The optimized example varieties can provide reference for testers or sesame breeders who use the guidelines and can provide the technical basis for revision of the guidelines for sesame.