门诊糖尿病患者体重及膳食结构的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of body weight and dietary structure in outpatients with diabetes mellitus

目的分析糖尿病患者的体重控制和膳食结构情况,为制定合理的个性化饮食指导和健康管理方案提供理论依据。方法选取2014年3月至2017年3月在我院内分泌科门诊就诊的112例糖尿病患者为研究对象,通过问卷的方式,调查他们的性别、年龄、身高、体重、腰围和24 h饮食情况,分析各年龄组的营养状况和膳食结构。结果门诊糖尿病患者营养不足者占比1.79%,肥胖或超重者占比53.57%,总的营养不均衡者占比55.36%,各个年龄组的平均BMI都>24 kg/m^2,提示各年龄组均营养过剩,但各年龄组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脂肪和蛋白质摄入量随着年龄增长逐渐减少(P<0.05),青年组脂肪摄入量明显多于老年组(P<0.05),老年组蛋白质摄入量较中年组明显降低(P<0.05);老年组的青菜摄入量比青年组显著增多(P<0.05),青年组的油脂摄入量显著多于中年组和老年组(P<0.05),对肉类的摄入量,老年组较中年组显著减少(P<0.05)。结论门诊糖尿病患者体重和饮食控制不佳,尤其以老年患者为著,需要采取有效措施,加强教育,帮助糖尿病患者改善他们的营养情况和膳食结构。

Objective To provided theoretical basis for formulating reasonable individualized diet guidance and health management plan,the body weight and diet structure of the diabetes mellitus outpatients were analyzed.Methods To analyzed nutritional status and dietary structure of each age group,112 cases of diabetes mellitus outpatients treated in our endocrinology department from May 2014 to May 2017 were observed by means of questionnaire to found out their gender,age,height,body weight,waistline and 24h dietary status.Results The under-nourished status among the subjects accounted for 1.79%,obesity or overweight accounted for 53.57%,the total nutritional imbalance accounted for 55.36%,and average BMI for all age groups was>24 kg/m 2.The data showed that there was over-nutrition in all age groups,the difference between the age groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The intake of fat and protein decreased with age(P<0.05).The intake of fat of the young group higher than that of the elderly group(P<0.05),and the protein intake of the elderly group was apparently higher lower than that of the middle-aged group(P<0.05).The intake of green vegetables in the elderly group was significantly higher than that in the young group(P<0.05),and the oil intake of the young group was significantly higher than that of the middle-aged group and the elderly group(P<0.05).For meat intake,the elderly group was greatly less than the middle-aged group(P<0.05).Conclusion The diabetes mellitus outpatients had poor weight condition and dietary structure,especially in the elderly patients.Effective measures are needed to strengthen education and help diabetics improve their nutritional status and dietary structure.