论中国自然保护地的远景规模

Discussion on the Long-term Target of Protected Area Coverage in China

中国国家公园与自然保护地体系建设正处于关键时期,亟须研究并设置自然保护地的远景规模。尽管我国各类自然保护地已覆盖国土面积的18%,并对自然保护起到了关键作用,但是生物多样性的下降趋势仍然没有得到有效遏制。重要原因之一是我国现有自然保护地规模仍然不足,存在明显的保护空缺。已有研究显示只有通过保护50%以上的中国国土面积,才能够有效保存大部分自然栖息地。在全球“自然需要一半”倡议的背景下,根据中国国土和区域尺度的相关研究,初步提出了中国自然保护地的远景规模,建议将至少50%中国国土面积设置为专用或兼用于自然保护的土地。论证了该方案的必要性和可行性,并建议形成以国家公园为典范、以狭义的自然保护地为基础、以广义的自然保护性用地为拓展的中国自然保护地空间网络,同时在此空间网络内优化结构、协同增效,在其外部推动我国国土全境的可持续发展。呼唤以远景规模为引领,迈向中国自然保护地新时代。

The creation of China's National Parks and Protected Areas System is at a critical stage,and it is imperative to discuss the long-term target of China's protected areas coverage.Despite 18%of China being in some type of nature protected area,with these areas playing a key role in nature conservation,biodiversity has continued to decline.One crucial reason is that there are still obvious conservation gaps,and literature review shows that only by protecting more than 50%of the China terrestrial area can we effectively protect most of the existing habitats.In the global context of Nature Needs Half Initiative and based on scientific findings at national scale and regional scale in China,the authors make a suggestion to further expand the existing protected areas network and to protect at least 50%of China's terrestrial area.The necessity and feasibility of this suggestion is illustrated.The China Nature Conservation Network(covering at least 50%of China's terrestrial area)is proposed to include National Parks as the governance model,Protected Areas System as the chief component,and other effective conservation areas as supplemental.At the same time,it is critical to achieve sustainable development on all terrestrial areas.It is proposed to move towards a new era of China's protected areas leading by this new target.