国家公园的公益性内涵及中国风景名胜区的公益性提升对策研究

Research on the Public Welfare of National Parks and Its Enlightenment for Scenic Areas in China

国家公园的设立源于保护生态环境的需求和公民游憩思想的发展,保护和服务是国家公园的2个重要功能。在国家公园公益性的理论溯源、特征总结基础上,将其内涵定义为:在资源保护和公民游憩权得到保障的前提下,国家公园产生的所有正向外部性均属于公益性范畴。而后对比美国国家公园与我国风景名胜区的体制差异性,包括管理机构、申报方式、立法保障、土地权属、经费预算5个方面,再基于中国风景名胜区的公益性发展状况,对其中较为突出的门票价格规制、公益教育服务两大问题进行探讨,并提出相应的提升对策。旨在通过借鉴别国经验,为我国风景名胜区的公益性提升提供理论参考。

The establishment of national park originates from the demands for the protection of ecological environment and the development of civil recreation right,and protection and service are two fundamental functions of national park.This paper firstly defines the connotation of public welfare of national park as that,on the premise of resource protection and guaranteeing civil right of tourism,all positive externalities generated by national park belong to public welfare.Then,it compares national parks in US and China,including the differences in management organization,declaration method,legislative guarantee,land ownership and appropriation budget,and studies the problems faced by the public welfare of Chinese scenic areas including ticket price regulation and public education service,and their enhancement measures.By means of referring to developed countries’experience,this paper seeks to provide theoretical reference for enhancing the public welfare of scenic areas in China.