生态智慧视野下武夷山茶园建设管理的古今对比研究

Comparative Study of Ancient and Modern Tea Garden Construction in Mount Wuyi from the Perspective of Ecological Wisdom

武夷山由于地理环境和气候适宜,自唐以来是中国的茶叶主产区。在历史上,武夷山地区较少有大规模或集中成片的茶山,茶园分布零散,与自然相融相生。随着茶产业的蓬勃发展,武夷山地区出现了无序开发的"茶山乱象"。在国家公园体制试点背景下,武夷山面临着如何平衡生态保护和茶业发展的难题。在生态智慧视野下,研究对比了武夷山茶园建设管理在生态理念和建设管理的古今差异。研究发现经过百年变迁,茶园的选址布局从追求茶叶品质的分散种植转变为追求茶叶产量的集中密植,环境营造从重视生态保护的茶林相生到全垦除杂的纯茶园建设,耕种管理从小面积茶园的精耕细作到大规模茶山的粗耕药作。基于茶园的古今对比分析,研究从传统生态智慧的传承与创新的视角对武夷山国家公园的古茶园保护和生态茶园改造提出政策建议。

Due to its geographical environment and suitable climate,MountWuyi has been a main tea producing area of China since the Tang Dynasty.Historically,there have been few large-scale or concentrated tea hills in the MountWuyi area,and the tea gardens are scattered and integrated with nature.With the flourishing development of the tea industry in Wuyishan city,the disorderly development of tea gardens chaos has appeared in the MountWuyi area.Under the background of National Park System,MountWuyi area is facing the problem of how to balance ecological protection and the development of the tea industry.From the perspective of ecological wisdom,the differences between ancient and modern tea gardens are compared both in ecological concepts and techniques of construction and management.It can be concluded that after a hundred years of change,the layout of the tea plantation changed from decentralized cultivation of pursuing tea quality to intensive cultivation of pursuing tea production.The tea gardens'environments were built from the emphasis on ecological protection of the forest to the construction of pure tea gardens.The cultivation and management of tea gardens changed from intensive cultivation of small-scale tea gardens to large-scale farming of tea mountain.Based on the analysis of the changes,suggestions are proposed on ancient tea garden conservation and ecological tea plantation renovation of the MountWuyi National Park.