水族儿童少年Heath-Carter体型分析

Analysis of somatotype of children and adolescents from Shui ethnic group by Heath-Carter method

目的:探讨水族儿童少年体型的发育特征及其规律。方法:应用Heath-Carter法,对1 382名(男689,女693)水族儿童少年进行体型评价。结果:水族儿童少年男性的体型为中胚层-外胚层均衡型(2.19-3.64-3.27),女性为中间型(2.63-3.12-3.08);男性体型以中胚层系(54.87%)和外胚层系(42.28%)体型为主,女性以外胚层系(39.61%)和中胚层系(35.84%)体型为主;随着年龄增长,男性体型由均衡的中胚层型经偏外胚层的中胚层型,发展为中胚层-外胚层均衡型体型,女性从均衡的中胚层型、中胚层-外胚层均衡型、偏中胚层的外胚层型返回中胚层-外胚层均衡型发展为中间型体型,最后向偏中胚层的内胚层体型发展。结论:水族儿童少年男女性的体型发育存在有差异;男性线性程度相对较高、外形较削瘦、肌肉发达,脂肪含量少;女性皮下脂肪含量较多,体型丰满,线性程度较低。与其他群体比较,水族儿童少年肌肉和骨骼发达度中等,线性度较低,脂肪含量少。

Objective:To explore the characteristics of the somatotype of children and adolescents from Shui ethnic group in Sandu county.Methods:The somatotypes of 1382 Shui children and adolescents(males:689,females:693)were evaluated by the Heath-Carter anthropometric method.Results:The average somatotype of male children and adolescents from Shui ethnic group was mesomorph-ectomorph(2.19-3.64-3.27)and was central(2.63-3.12-3.08)in females.The primary somatotype in males was mesomorphy(54.87%)and ectomorphy(42.28%),and it was ectomorphy(39.61%)and mesomorphy(35.48%)in females with age increase.Male somatotypes developed from balanced mesomorph,ectomorphic mesomorph to mesomorph-ectomorph,while the female patterns developed from balanced mesomorph,mesomorph-ectomorph,mesomorphic ectomorph,mesomorph-ectomorph,central to mesomorphic endomorph.Conclusion:There is a significant difference in the somatotype between male and female children and adolescents from Shui ethnic group.The somatotypes of males are slender,with less fat and more muscular,however,they are plumper with more body fat,body fullness and shorter stature in females.Children and adolescents from Shui ethnic group have moderate skeletons and muscles,shorter stature and less fat than the other ethnic groups.