避暑山庄戏台演戏及其历史作用

The Stage Performance of the Mountain Resort and Its Historical Function

一座山庄半部清史。作为目前存世的最大皇家园林,对避暑山庄的研究为学术界所重视;有关避暑山庄戏台演戏的研究大多集中在原始文献的搜集整理,如戏台、剧目、演员和政策管理等几个方面,但是有关演戏的历史作用的研究成果并不多。《恩赏日记档》详细地记录了清代宫廷中帝后们关于戏曲的谕旨、内廷的排戏、演戏、赏赐等内容,却甚少引起学者重视。本文运用《恩赏日记档》及相关资料,梳理避暑山庄的戏台、戏台的功能,以及避暑山庄戏台演戏情况和兴衰过程,探讨戏台演戏在清宫生活、戏剧发展以及政治上发挥的作用。

The Mountain Resort represents half part of the Qing Dynasty’s history.The Mountain Resort is the world’s largest imperial garden;the research on it has been valued by the academic community.Most of the researches on the drama performance in the Mountain Resort have focused on the collection of original documents,such as stage,repertoire,actors,and policy management,etc.However,few researches focus on the historical influence of acting.The“Diary File of the Imperial Reward”records in detail the Qing Imperial court decrees,the inner court’s rehearsals,acting,and rewards,but it rarely attracts scholars’attention.This paper has given a review on the stages,the function of the stages and the process of rise and fall of the performance of dramas in the Mountain Resort;it has also discussed the active role of stage performance in court life,the development of the theatre,and political function of it.