法兰克福学派意识形态批判探究——以马尔库塞《单向度的人》为例

A Study of the Ideological Theory of Frankfurt School Literary Criticism——A Case Study of Marcuse's “One-Dimensional Man”

对意识形态的批判研究是法兰克福学派社会批判理论的重要组成部分,意识形态同文学生产之间的关系尤其引起他们的重视。法兰克福学派对于意识形态批判的最突出贡献在于文化工业理论的提出。赫伯特·马尔库塞作为学派代表人物之一,在其著作《单向度的人》中从整个资本主义社会的抑制性状态、高雅文化抑制性的俗化趋势以及性领域的俗化趋势和该趋势在文学作品中的体现三方面阐释了他的意识形态理论,他的主张中鲜明地体现出了法兰克福学派对意识形态的基本理解和批判态度。

The critical research on ideology is an important part of the critical theory of social science in Frankfurt School,and the relationship between ideology and literary production especially attracts their attention.The most prominent contribution of the Frankfurt school to ideological criticism lies in the proposition of cultural industry theory.Herbert Marcuse,as one of the representative figures of the school,expounds his theory of ideology in three respects in his book“One-Dimensional Man”:the repressive state of the entire capitalist society,the repressive popularization trend of elegant culture,the popularization trend of sexual popularization and reflections of the trend in literary works.His ideas expressly reflect the basic understanding and critical attitude of the Frankfurt school to ideology.