生态公益林政府补偿:现状、问题及对策

Government Compensation for Non-commercial Forests: the Status Quo,Problems,and Countermeasures

生态公益林旨在发挥森林的生态效益,因而被禁止或严格限制采伐,对于公益林经营者而言,其经济效益无法实现,生态公益林补偿制度应运而生。生态效益属于公共产品的范畴,具有公共利益的属性,政府作为公共产品的主要供给者、公共利益的维护者,理应在生态公益林补偿中发挥主导作用。然而,就现行生态公益林政府补偿而言,不同层级政府之间,补偿职责定位不清,政府纵向、横向补偿关系尚未真正建立,补偿对象界定不合理,补偿收益分配关系不清,补偿方式单一、补偿标准低,这些问题严重制约着生态公益林补偿的效果。为此,要以解决现行生态公益林补偿中存在的问题为指向,以充分发挥政府的主导作用为主线,构建起健全、有效的生态公益林政府补偿模式与机制。

The purpose of non-commercial forests is to maintain their ecological benefits,so tree logging is prohibited or strictly restricted,and the government,therefore,gives the proprietors compensations as they hardly make any profit.Ecological benefits belong to the category of public goods and feature public interest.The government,as the main supplier of public goods and the protector of the public interest,ought to play a leading role in compensating the non-commercial forest proprietors.However,in practice,responsibilities are not clearly identified among different levels of governments;the vertical and horizontal government compensation relationship has not subsequently been established;the objects to be compensated are not reasonably defined;the compensation money distribution relationship is inexplicit;the compensation method is unitary and the standard is low,all these problems seriously restrict the compensation effect.To solve these problems,the government should continue to play its leading role and help set up a sound and effective model and mechanism for the non-commercial forest government compensation.