缺血性卒中患者发病因素及其一级预防方法探究

Study on pathogenic factors of ischemic stroke patients and primary prevention method

目的探究脑卒中患者的危险因素和探究脑卒中患者的一级预防方法 ,为疾病的临床治疗及护理提供参考。方法选择2016年2月~2017年2月解放军总医院(以下简称"我院")神经内科收治的脑卒中患者80例作为病例组,同期选择在我院就诊的非脑卒中患者100例为对照组。通过查阅文献设定疾病发生相关的因素:常规体检、吸烟、过量饮酒、饮食不当、腰臀比过大、体育锻炼、精神压力及抑郁、与子女维持正常沟通、社会交往正常、高血压病、糖尿病、有基础心脏疾病、高脂血症。对两组患者中出现相关因素的情况进行病例对照研究,采用比值比(OR)和卡方检验对相关评价项目进行差异性比较;结合病例对照分析的研究结果,进一步进行暴露因素与是否患病的Logistic回归分析。结果两组患者常规体检、社会交往正常、糖尿病、高脂血症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而其他因素差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,体育锻炼和与子女的正常沟通是保护因素(P<0.05),吸烟、过量饮酒、饮食不当、腰臀比过大、精神压力及抑郁、高血压病、有基础心脏疾病是脑卒中的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论吸烟、过量饮酒、饮食不当、腰臀比过大、精神压力及抑郁、高血压病、有基础心脏疾病为脑卒中发病的危险因素,根据发病原因可以找出脑卒中患者的一级预防方法。

Objective To explore the risk factors of patients with stroke and the primary prevention methods,in order to provide references for the clinical treatment and nursing.Methods From February 2016 to February 2017,in Department of Neurology,Chinese PLA General Hospital("our hospital"for short),80 stroke patients were selected as cases group,at the same period,100 non-stroke patients were selected as control group.Through literature review made possible factors associated with the disease:routine physical examination,smoking,excessive alcohol consumption,improper diet,excessive waist-to-hip ratio,physical exercise,mental stress and depression,normal communication with children,normal social interaction,hypertension,diabetes,basic heart disease,hyperlipidemia.The case-control study was conducted on the occurrence of related factors in the two groups,and the difference comparison was made using the odds ratio(OR)and chi-square test;combined with the results of case-control analysis,further exposure factors and Logistic regression analysis were performed.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in routine physical examination,normal social intercourse,diabetes and hyperlipidemia(P<0.05),while there were significant differences in other factors(P<0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that physical exercise,normal communication with their children were protective factors(P<0.05),and smoking,excessive alcohol consumption,improper diet,excessive waist-to-hip ratio,mental stress and depression,hypertension,and underlying heart disease were risk factors(P<0.05).Conclusion Smoking,excessive alcohol consumption,improper diet,excessive waist-to-hip ratio,mental stress and depression,hypertension,and underlying heart disease are risk factors for stroke.The primary prevention method for stroke patients can be found according to the cause of the disease.