澳门老年人用药行为及对社区药学服务需求的调查分析

Medication use behaviors and demands for community pharmaceutical care among the elderly in Macao

目的探讨澳门老年人的用药行为与其相关因素,并了解他们对社区药学服务的需求。方法以60岁或以上居民为对象,于2015年10月采用配额抽样方式在澳门花地玛堂区、花王堂区、风顺堂区、离岛区、望德堂与大堂区进行问卷调查,收集健康状况、用药行为、购药依据、对药学服务需求等数据。结果本次调查共发放问卷401份,有效问卷共398份,有效率99.3%。当中30.4%受访者定期使用5种或以上药品,Morisky量表结果显示60.6%受访者的总体依从性欠佳。曾自行加减药量的为14.1%,重复用药8.5%,两种不合理用药行为与多重用药有关。大部分受访者对开展社区药学服务表示支持。结论澳门老年人对社区药学服务的需求迫切,药师可参考本调查数据开展不同模式的药学服务,充分发挥促进老年人合理用药的作用。

Objective To explore the medication use behaviors,their associated factors and the demands for community pharmaceutical care among the elderly in Macao.Methods A survey was conducted by quota sampling in October 2015,which targeted at the residents aged 60 years or older from the districts of Nossa Senhora de Fátima,Santo António,Sao Lourenco,islands,Sao Lázaro and Séof Macao.Data such as health information,medication use behaviors,basis for purchasing medications,and demands for pharmaceutical care were collected.Results A total of 401 questionnaires were issued.398 valid questionnaires were collected and the valid rate was 99.3%.Regular use of 5 or more medications was reported by 30.4%of respondents.Based on the results of the Morisky scale,overall medication adherence was found to be unsatisfactory in 60.6%of respondents.14.1%of respondents had adjusted medication doses and 8.5%had repeated doses.Both types of irrational medication use were associated with polypharmacy.Most respondents were supportive of the implementation of community pharmaceutical care.Conclusion There are strong demands for community pharmaceutical care from the elderly in Macao.These data can serve as references to develop various pharmaceutical care models,so that pharmacists can play a more significant role in promoting rational medication use among the elderly.