基于差分进化算法的船舶能量管理系统优化策略

Optimization strategy of ship energy management system based on differential evolution algorithm

[目的]提出一种考虑船舶电力系统运行限制以及温室气体排放限制的能量管理优化策略。[方法]该方法以最小消耗为目标,采用差分进化算法,使用实数编码,对船舶航速、发电机组启停状态、发电机组功率分配进行优化调度,在保证船舶运行效率的同时,符合环境限制并减少船舶燃油消耗。[结果]以某客渡船的航行数据为例,初始方案(方案1)的运行成本为36 960.5货币单位(m.u.),方案2和方案3的运行成本分别为36 938.1和35 888.3 m.u.,相对初始方案分别减少了0.06%和2.90%。[结论]优化后的船舶能量管理系统能够在满足船舶发电机和柴油机运行限制、温室气体排放限制、到港距离限制的前提下,使船速和推进力曲线变得稳定,在显著改善船舶电力系统工作效率和船舶燃油经济性的同时,减少温室气体的排放量。

[Objectives]An energy management optimization strategy is proposed which considers the limitation of a ship's power system operation and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.[Methods]This strategy uses the differential evolution algorithm and real number code to optimize the dispatching speed of the ship,start and stop state of the generators and power distribution of the generator set with minimum consumption as the goal.These three plans can ensure compliance with environmental limits while reducing fuel consumption and ensuring efficiency.[Results]Taking the actual measured data of a cruise ferry as an example,the operating cost of the initial plan(plan 1)is 36 960.5 m.u while the operating costs of plan 2 and plan 3 are 36 938.1 m.u and 35 888.3 m.u respectively,showing a decrease of 0.06%and 2.90%when compared with the initial plan.[Conclusions]On the precondition that the optimal design method meets the limitations of the ship's generator,diesel engine operation,GHG limit and arrival distance,it can be seen that the ship's speed and propulsion curve become relatively stable,the figure tends to be trapezoidal and the efficiency of the ship's power system and fuel economy are significantly improved,while the amount of greenhouse gas emissions is simultaneously reduced.