不同品种番石榴果实耐藏性和采后品质变化比较

A comparative study of fruit storability and postharvest quality changes among different Psidium guajava L. cultivars

【目的】比较不同品种番石榴果实采后耐藏性和品质变化,为番石榴果实采后保鲜和品种推广提供参考依据。【方法】以福建漳州栽培的珍珠、西瓜红、和溪和山美红4个品种的番石榴果实为试验材料,置于常温(25±1)℃、相对湿度85%条件下贮藏,每隔1 d取样测定果实的好果率、失重率、质膜相对透性、呼吸速率、硬度、色调角及可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总糖和维生素C含量等指标1次。【结果】与和溪和山美红番石榴果实相比,珍珠和西瓜红番石榴果实在采后贮藏期间可保持较高的好果率、硬度及可溶性固形物、总糖和维生素C含量,维持较低的果实细胞质膜相对透性和呼吸速率,延缓果实衰老,延长果实货架期。贮藏至第8 d,山美红果实已基本腐烂;贮藏至第12 d,和溪果实已基本失去商品价值,而珍珠和西瓜红果实仍有61.43%和57.14%的好果率,果肉硬度分别是和溪的2.5和4.0倍,维生素C含量分别是和溪的1.4和1.3倍。【结论】珍珠和西瓜红番石榴果实耐藏性能最佳,和溪次之,山美红最差,可将珍珠和西瓜红番石榴远销,而和溪和山美红番石榴适合短途或产地销售。

【Objective】The differences in fruit storability and quality changes among four Psidium guajava L.cultivars during postharvest storage were studied.It could provide reference for the post harvest storage and variety promotion of P.guajava.【Method】Taking four P.guajava cultivars(Zhenzhu,Xiguahong,Hexi and Shanmeihong)that were cultivated in Zhangzhou,Fujian as test materials,the indicators including marketable fruit percentage,weight loss rate,membrane permeability,respiration rate,flesh hardness,hue angle,total soluble solid,titratable acid,total sugar and vitamin C content were determined every other day during P.guajava fruits were stored at(25±1)℃and 85%relative humidity.【Result】As compared to Hexi and Shanmeihong,Zhenzhu and Xiguahong could keep higher marketable fruit percentage,flesh hardness and contents of total soluble solid,total sugar and vitamin C,maintain lower cell membrane permeability and respiration rate,delay the process of fruit senescence and prolong the shelf life of fruit during the storage.Shanmeihong has been rotted after storage for 8 d.The commodity value Hexi was basically lost,Zhenzhu and Xiguahong have maintained 61.43%and 57.14%marketable fruit percentage after storage for 12 d.Meanwhile,the flesh hardness were as 2.5 and 4.0 times as that of Hexi,the content of vitamin C were as 1.4 and 1.3 times as that of Hexi.【Conclusion】Among the investigated four P.guajava cultivars,Zhenzhu and Xiguahong are the most suitable for storage,closely followed by Hexi,and Shanmeihong is the worst.Therefore,Zhenzhu and Xiguahong can be exported to non-producing areas,Hexi and Shanmeihong should be sold nearby or in producing areas.