中美关系中的台湾问题--四十余年的回顾与思考

The Taiwan Question in China-U.S. Relations:Retrospect and Reflections over the Past Forty Plus Years

台湾问题对中美双方的意义是不一样的,但它对双方具有同样的风险:它是最有可能引发双方冲突的因素,因此中美都要十分谨慎,不能有丝毫的疏忽。中美两国在台湾问题上有共识,都主张一个中国,主张和平解决。中国的最终目的无疑是统一,是台湾回归祖国,不可能有别的选择;而最符合美国利益的状况是两岸不统、不独、不武,台湾与祖国大陆实际分离的局面无限期地继续下去。这是中美在台湾问题上最根本的分歧。美国的一个中国政策具有两面性:一方面,承认只有一个中国,台湾是中国的一部分;另一方面仍然要保持与台湾的军事关系,包括售台武器。这是引起中美关系颠簸的一个重要原因。美方一直要求中方和平解决台湾问题,中方争取和平统一,但不放弃使用非和平手段,不允许任何势力、在任何时候、以任何方式把台湾从祖国分裂出去。台湾问题是中美关系大框架中的一个问题,美国对台关系也必须在一个中国框架内展开,美台之间只能有非官方的关系。任何试图让美国对台政策脱离一个中国框架的做法都将引起严重的后果。

The Taiwan Question has different meanings for China and the United States,but has the same risk for the two countries:it could trigger a conflict between them more than any other factor in the bilateral relations.Therefore,both countries should approach the issue with utmost care,avoiding any negligence.There is consensus between them on the issue:both recognize there is one China,Taiwan is part of China,and both pursue a peaceful solution of the issue.The difference between them is obvious:China's ultimate goal is to realize reunification,Taiwan's return to the motherland,and there can be no other choice,even though no reunification,no independence,no use of force and indefinite prolongation of the de facto separation of Taiwan from the motherland is in the best interests of the United States.The one-China policy of the United States is a doubleside policy,and the U.S.continues to have some substantial relations with Taiwan,including arms sales and other military ties.This is a major reason for fluctuations in the bilateral relations.