试析印度12个五年计划中的科技计划

Research on India's Science and Technology Innovation Five-year Plans

五年计划(FYPs)是印度公共政策、计划和计划的整体方向和基本框架。尽管印度是世界上唯一与我国具备相似的五年计划历程并使之成为推动经济社会发展的关键重大政策工具的国家,但对印度五年计划中科技创新内容的研究却很有限。文章从印度"一五"到"十二五"系统梳理了五年计划中科技(创新)部分的发展历程、结构组成、战略思想,着重研究了其重大新动向。提出莫迪总理治下的印度科技创新已发生若干重大变化:一是执政思路上同时强化集权和市场两条逻辑主线;二是政策手段上重长远、去计划、重地方,将旧有的计划体制改变为以更长远眼光考虑国家发展方向。

Five year plan(FYPs)is the basic direction and framework of India’s public policy.Although India is the only similar country with China which utilize FYPs to be its main development policy tool,but it is a less on science and technology innovation contents.On this topic,there is few research to India’s science and technology innovation part history,structure,strategic guideline and major changes in its 1st to 12th FYPs.The conclusion is major changes have happened in Modi’s India science and technology innovation agenda,first of which being strengthened power-oriented and market-oriented.The second feature of India’s science and technology innovation plan will have three characteristics,being long and mid-term,being out of fiscal budget and being participative.