中国经济增长路径上的环境规制政策与污染治理机制研究

A Study of Environmental Regulations and Pollution Abatement Mechanism on China's Economic Growth Path

本文在同一理论框架中,构建了包括企业治污资本投入、政府实施环境税和减排补贴两种环境规制政策的理论模型,模拟解出了拉姆齐-卡斯-库普曼模型鞍点路径上的均衡解。主要结论为:渐进递增的动态环境税和渐进递减的动态减排补贴率的政策组合,提高了企业的污染减排动机,有效控制了环境污染累积水平,实现了鞍点路径上的福利最大化目标。相比而言,仅实施环境税政策对企业污染减排动机的激励不足,环境污染无法得到有效控制,将会产生倒U型的污染累积路径,并造成较高的生产效率损失和社会福利损失;而过高的减排补贴政策虽然短期内缓解了环境税对产出的不利影响,但长期会扭曲生产要素的配置,扩大的产出规模并没有带来更高的福利水平。实现环境税与减排补贴之间的优化组合,对于发挥环境规制政策的有效性具有重要意义。

In this paper,by adding the cumulative process of environmental pollution and pollution abatement mechanism into a unified framework,we specify the theoretical model,including capital investments in enterprise pollution control,environmental taxes and emission reduction subsidies implemented by the government and obtained by simulation of the equilibrium solution on the saddle path of the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model.The results show that the policy combination of gradual increasing dynamic environmental tax and gradual decreasing dynamic abatement subsidy rate improves the incentive for enterprise emissions reduction,effectively controlling the level of environmental pollution accumulation and permitting the achievement of the welfare maximisation goal on the saddle path.In comparison,the single implementation of the environmental tax policy is insufficient to motivate enterprises to reduce pollution.The fact that environmental pollution cannot be effectively controlled may result in an inverted-U pollution accumulation path and a considerable loss of productivity and social welfare.On the contrary,although the high emission subsidy policy can alleviate the adverse impacts of environmental tax on economic output in the short term,it may distort the allocation of production factors in the long term.Thus,the expansion of the output scale does not lead to higher welfare levels.The optimal combination of environmental tax and emission reduction subsidy is significant in giving full play to the effectiveness of environmental regulation policies.