生涯适应力对主观职业成功的影响--工作形塑的中介和组织支持感的调节

The Influence of Career Adaptability on Subjective Career Success:The Mediation of Job Crafting and Moderation of Perceived Organizational Support

生涯适应力作为生涯建构理论的核心概念,已经被大量的研究证实其对个体职业发展有积极的作用。本研究基于生涯建构理论构建了生涯适应力影响职业成功的概念模型,认为工作形塑是生涯适应力和主观职业成功之间的关键中介,组织支持感可能负向调节生涯适应力和工作形塑之间的正向关系。之后,本研究以A银行和B证券公司的374名处于初级管理岗位的员工为样本,对模型进行了验证。研究结果表明:(1)生涯适应力对主观职业成功有正向影响;(2)生涯适应力对工作形塑有正向影响,并且工作形塑在生涯适应力和主观职业成功之间起到了部分中介作用;(3)组织支持感负向调节生涯适应力和工作形塑的关系。本研究解释了工作形塑在职业生涯发展中的中介机制,以及组织支持感在职业生涯发展中潜在的负向作用。最后,讨论了本研究的理论和实践意义以及研究的不足和展望。

Today,we are in the era of VUCA,many of the norms and orders that have proved to be effective are being subverted.Traditional ideas,values,and ways of doing things have become disoriented.People also face professional changes,such as changing jobs,adjusting business,and aggravating tasks.They gradually realize that“long-term career planning”is no longer,and“long-term”and“adaptation”is the core of this era.What s more,the changeable,uncertain,complex and fuzzy business environment have brought great psychological pressure to people.Adjusting business,changing job content and other career changes become a“new normal”,even the artificial intelligence also threats the careers of many people.These changes will bring people many difficulties in their careers.How do individuals deal with these changes,and how to deal with the career dilemmas that has gradually become a concern.Savickas proposed the concept of career adaptability.It is defined as“the readiness to cope with the predictable tasks of preparing for and participating in the work role and with unpredictable adjustments promote by changes in work and working conditions”.From its content,we can see that the best way to face changes is to“actively adapt”.Having high career adaptability can help people to adapt and respond to changes in their careers and achieve professional success.Therefore,this study builds a mediation model based on the Theory of Career Construction to specifically explore the impact of career adaptability on individual subjective career success.This model takes job crafting as a mediating role in the relationships of career adaptability and subjective career success,takes organizational support as a moderating role in the relationships of career adaptability and job crafting.In this study,374 employees in junior management positions of bank A and securities company B were sampled to verify the model.The research results show that:(1)career adaptability has a positive impact on subjective career success;(2)career adaptability has a positive effect on job crafting,and job crafting plays a partial mediating role in the relationships of career adaptability and subjective career success;(3)Organizational support negatively moderates the relationship of career adaptability and job crafting.That is,when the organizational support is high,the positive relationship between career adaptability and job crafting will be weakened;when the sense of organizational support is low,the positive relationship between career adaptability and job crafting will be stronger.There are theoretical contributions in this study.Firstly,based on the theory of career construction,this study uses job crafting as an“adaptation response”to influence the“results of adaptation”and explores the mediating role of job crafting in the relationships of career adaptability and subjective career success.Secondly,this study also explores the interaction between organizational support and career adaptability on the job crafting and finds the negative moderation effect of organizational support.This study also has some practical significance for individuals and organizations.For individuals,when they face changes in their jobs,career adaptability is very important because it is an inherent ability that enables individuals to actively update work content,change self-knowledge,and improve self-work relationship through job crafting,then improve job satisfaction and achieve subjective career success.For the organization,the organization needs to cultivate the career adaptability of its employees in the career management to adapt to the environmental changes.What s most important,the organization must fully understand the role of organizational support.Organizational support will increase the employee s job satisfaction,but it may also make the staff comfortable with the status quo and reduce their exploration of the work.