高聚集游客群系统的结构解析与运行机理——理论与实践双重视角的研究

The Study on the Construction and Operating Mechanism of the System of Highly Aggregated Tourist Crowd: Based on the Dual Perspective of Theory and Practice

随着旅游活动的常态化和大众化,高聚集游客群体出现的频率大大提升。高聚集游客群体与其所处空间环境各要素共同构成复杂巨系统——高聚集游客群系统。分析和探究高聚集游客群系统的构成,探究其运行机理是确保高聚集游客群系统处于安全状态的前提条件。本文搜集高聚集游客群安全相关案例,分析高聚集游客群系统的特征,重点分析其高危性。在此基础上,从理论与实践双重视角探究高聚集游客群的系统构成,并提出高聚集游客群系统的运行机理。研究发现:(1)按照"分析系统构成要素—解读要素功能—划分系统功能角色—按照功能角色划分子系统"的逻辑思路分析生态系统,进而类比推演高聚集游客群系统的构成,推演出高聚集游客群系统由压力子系统、状态子系统、响应子系统构成。(2)借助高聚集游客群相关案例,分析高频关键词共词网络及其关键词节点密度,案例中高频词的网络结构分属八个类别,关键词节点密度呈现出高聚集游客群系统的五个热点区域。对其进一步提炼、抽象,提出高聚集游客群系统主要由压力子系统、状态子系统以及管理子系统构成。(3)以生态系统运行机理为基础,以PSR运行模式为先导,结合高聚集游客群安全相关案例推理演化出高聚集游客群系统的运行机理,即"多重压力产生-人群状态变化-管理响应分解"的循环运转。

In recent years,tourism activities have been normalized and popularized,with a sharp increase in the number of tourists.Thus,there is a special phenomenon such as“tourists burst”,“tourists blowout”,“crowded explosion in tourists scenic spots”and“crowds of tourists”in many popular tourist scenic spots,tourist attractions and some special tour sites.Under the special time and space conditions there will be a special tourist groups-highly aggregated tourist crowd.This group of tourists is the combination of the number of tourists and the density of agglomeration.There are many uncertainties and the complexities of the group.It is difficult to control the highly aggregated tourist crowd.There are so many risks in highly aggregated tourist crowd that it is easy to have an accident.After the“12·31 The Bund Stampede Accident”,the safety of highly aggregated tourist crowd has drawn much attention.Crowd is a living system and the failure of system would result in the accidents.Therefore,this paper will make a comprehensive analysis on the special system,highly aggregated tourist crowd.The system of highly aggregated tourist crowd a complex giant system,which is composed of highly aggregated tourist crowd and its space environment.What s worse,there are many high risks in the system.The authors collected the cases about the safety of highly aggregated tourist crowd from Baidu News and Sina Weibo,analyzed the structure of system of highly aggregated tourist crowd and explored its operating mechanism.The authors analyzed the features of the system of highly aggregated tourist crowd,especially analyzed the high risk of system of highly aggregated tourist crowd and used dual perspective of theory and practice to explore the construction of system and came up with the operating mechanism of the system of highly aggregated tourist crowd.Through the comprehensive analysis on cases of highly aggregated tourist crowd,this paper found that:The authors found that:(1)The highly aggregated tourist crowd is an environmental adaptable,dynamic,open,complex system with high risk.Therefore,it is necessary to pay much attention on the management for highly aggregated tourist crowd.(2)According to the logical thinking of the analysis of ecosystems,“analysis system components-the interpretation of the function-the division of the system function role-according to the functional role to divide the sub-system,”the authors analogy deduction of the composition of the system of highly aggregated tourist crowd,the system of highly aggregated tourist crowd is composed of the pressure subsystem,the state subsystem and the response subsystem.(3)With the help of the cases of mass gathering of tourist,the authors analyzed the high frequency keywords common word network and its keyword node density.The authors found that the network structure of the high frequency words in the case belonged to eight categories,and the key node density showed five hotspots of the high agglomeration group system.Then the authors refined the eight categories and five hotspots and found that the pressure subsystem,the state subsystem and the management subsystem formed the system of highly aggregated tourist crowd.(4)Based on the operating mechanism of the ecosystem,combined the cases of highly aggregated tourist crowd,and the PSR(Pressure-Status-Response)model,the authors deduced the operation mechanism of the system of highly aggregated tourist crowd,which is the cyclic operation of“the generation multiple pressure,the state change of crowd,the management response decomposition”.This paper proposed the structure of highly aggregated tourist crowd,which is helpful and useful for further research on highly aggregated tourist crowd.In the future,we could further research the topics on highly aggregated tourist crowd,such as the influencing factors on safety of highly aggregated tourist crowd,the occurrence mechanism and coping paths of accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowd,constructing the assessment model on safety of highly aggregated tourist crowd,simulating the changes of safety of highly aggregated,assessing the effectiveness of management on highly aggregated tourist crowd,and so on.