全球视野下的美国妇女与社会性别史研究

The American Studies of Women and Gender History through a Global Lens

妇女与社会性别史研究是一项以英美为中心,遍及世界各国,全球化趋向显著的研究领域。而任一国家的妇女与社会性别史研究亦是这一全球化的产物。其中,美国妇女与社会性别史研究中的国际性和全球性体现的最为明显。首先,从内部角度来说,美国的妇女与社会性别史研究在以研究本国妇女为主的情况下,从诞生之初就不缺乏具有国际视野的史家和著作,20世纪90年代末以后,跨国专题研究著作日益增多,出现全球化转向的趋势;其次,从外部角度来说,美国的妇女与社会性别史研究在对其他国家的妇女与社会性别史研究产生影响的同时,也不可避免的受到域外学术思想、理论和研究人员的影响,并促使其在研究方法、理论和内容上发生重要的改变。这种域外影响,以法国的后现代主义和后殖民女权主义为最。

The studies of women and gender history are centered in Britain and America.As a field with a global touch,its influence has spread around the world.As it is in any other country,women and gender history is a product of globalization.Yet,the studies of this topic in the United States are the best example of the internationalization and globalization of the field.First of all,while the studies of this subject in the United States are more focused on American topics,not a small number of scholars have developed global views in their works since the beginning of the field.Since the late 1990s,there have been increasingly more studies focused on transnational topics.The field is,internally,undergoing a global turn.Externally,when American scholars study women and gender issues in other countries,they are inevitably influenced by foreign academic ideas and theories,most influential of which are postmodernism by some French scholars and postcolonial feminist theories by some scholars who are either from India or have Indian cultural heritage.This process let to some fundamental changes in their research methodology,theories,and content.