法国身体史研究的起源与方法

On the Origin and Methods of the History of the Body in France

在"人与历史"的传统分析结构中,人是一个有接受、感知、实践和反思能力的存在,但这个结构在实际研究中具有不确定性,身体史简化了"人与历史"的分析结构,身体仅仅是一个单向度感受的存在。根据身体史的方法,"人与历史"可以拆分成"人与身体"、"身体与历史"、"人与历史"三个领域。存在主义提出的中心问题是现代人的消极处境,而身体史是历史学家对于存在主义的实证表达,也是历史学家介入现代性批判的途径。

In the traditional analytical framework of“human and history,”human exists for its capabilities of feeling,sense,self-reflection and practice.Yet,this framework is not stable,as it simplifies the relationship between“human and history.”In it,body is merely one-dimensional existence.According to the theories of the history of the body,the relationship between“human and body”can be further divided into three fields:“human and body,”“body and history,”and“human and history.”The central question of Existentialism is the passive existence of modern human beings.The history of the body can,thus,be regarded as historians empirical approach to Existentialism,as well as a means by which historians criticize modernity.