“多边-多边”机制视域下的欧非峰会探析

EU-Africa Summit under the Framework of “Multilateral-Multilateral” Mechanism

自2000年欧非峰会机制创设以来,现已举办了五届,在国际社会产生了一定影响,也开创了一种以"多边-多边"机制为核心的对非合作模式。经过十几年的发展,欧非峰会在理念建构与机制建设方面都取得了很大成果。欧非峰会试图建立以"多边-多边"机制为特征的新平台,从而增强代表性,并推进合作领域的开放化与合作模式的平等化。欧非峰会还注重吸纳民间社会与专家团体的参与,通过完善监督环节以保障机制运行的透明度。然而,欧非峰会对参会国数量及代表性的追求导致了利益泛化与集体行动困难等问题。欧非峰会对欧非双方对等地位的强调导致了议题的分割性且缺乏重点。欧非峰会对民间社会的重视削弱了非洲国家政府的执政基础,并导致非洲国家缺乏对峰会相关决议的执行意愿与执行力。欧非峰会"多边-多边"机制还掩盖了欧盟与非盟两个组织内部成员国的权力差异问题。个别国家通过"绑架"机制,导致峰会手段、目标乃至性质的偏移。欧非峰会成效不足的结构性原因正是由于峰会"多边-多边"机制对于合法性的过度追求,并由此产生了在峰会机制合法性与峰会实际成效之间的一系列悖论。

The EU-Africa Summit has been held 5 times since its establishment in 2000.It has some influences on the international society and creates a new model of cooperation with Africa based on the“multilateral-multilateral”mechanism.In this pattern,the ideal and mechanism construction of the EU-Africa Summit have made great achievements.In order to strength its representativeness and make the cooperative fields open and the cooperative model equal,the EU-Africa Summit tries to build a new platform featured by“multilateral-multilateral”mechanism.The summit also invites the civil society organizations and the expert groups to join in,and perfects supervision to guarantee the transparency of performance.However,the pursuing of the number and representativeness of participating countries causes the generalization of the benefits and the difficulty of the collective action.The emphasis on the equivalence of the Europe and Africa causes divided topics and lack of key points.The appreciation of the civil society organizations weakens the governing foundation of African states,reducing African states’willingness and ability to implement the summit decisions.In addition,the“multilateral-multilateral”mechanism hides the different power of the member states between European Union and African Union.Some states“kidnap”the summit,which leads to the deviation of the summit.The structural reason of the EU-Africa Summit’s ineffectiveness is the excessive pursuing of legitimacy,reflecting the paradox between summit’s legitimacy and efficiency.