曲轴式棉田地表残膜回收机捡膜特性分析及工作参数优化

Characteristic analysis and working parameter optimization of crankshaft type cotton field surface residual film collecting machine

针对"11SM-1.7型曲轴式残膜回收机"核心捡膜部件作业参数不合理、残膜回收率较低、卸膜阻力较大等问题,该文分析了曲轴式残膜回收机结构与工作原理,建立弧形齿捡拾装置的运动模型,运用MATLAB编程分析了往复式偏心弧形齿尖运动特性和漏捡率。在棉杆收获后进行田间正交试验,分析捡拾齿角速度、捡拾齿半径、捡拾齿入土深度、残膜回收机前进速度不同参数组合对残膜回收率和卸膜率的影响并优化参数组合。结果表明捡拾齿入土深度35 mm、机具前进速度1.3 m/s、捡拾齿转动角速度60 r/min、捡拾齿半径245 mm时,残膜捡拾率最高为93.2%、卸膜率最高为94.6%、残膜漏捡率为1.61%,研究结果可为新型残膜回收机的研制提供理论基础和参考。

Technology of plastic film mulching is widely used in agricultural production because of its advantages of increasing efficiency,inhibiting of weeds,increasing soil humidity,but it is difficult to recycle the plastic film,which lead to the environmental degradation and the restriction of sustainable development of agriculture.Residual film recycling machine of 11-1.7 crankshaft type is the typical residual film recycling machinery which is mainly used for the surface residual film recovery of cotton fiel d after harvest without drip irrigation belt.But the improper operation and unreasonable working parameters lead to the force of pickup tooth is uneven and resistance is large,as a result,pickup tooth are block and bent,the unloading film plate is bent and broken,and the residual film leakage area is large.The core component of crankshaft residual film recycling machine is collecting device of eccentric arc tooth.This paper analyzed the structure and working principle of crankshaft of film recycling machine,established reciprocating eccentric arc tooth movement model of collecting device,analyzed the characteristics of reciprocating eccentric arc tooth movement trajectory and leakage rate.The angular velocity of pickup tooth,the radius of pickup tooth,depth into soil of pickup tooth,speed of residual film recycling machine,effect of different parameter combination on residual film recovery rate and film scraping rate were analyzed and optimized.Field experiment was carried out under optimized parameters.Analysis and test results showed that machine speed,rotating speed of pickup tooth and radius of pickup tooth were mainly influencing factors of film recycling rate.According to theoretical analysis and field experiment,when machine speed and the radius of pickup tooth were fixed value,the higher pickup tooth rotate speed were,the smaller pickup tooth picking up area was,but high speed of pickup tooth exacerbated machine vibration,reduced the service life of machine.The deeper into soil of pickup tooth was,the bigger resistance of roll knife and pickup tooth was,and the higher energy consumption was.Test results showed that at the condition of pickup tooth depth into soil was 35 mm,machine speed was 1.3 m/s,pickup tooth rotation velocity was 60 r/min,radius of pickup tooth was 245 mm,the residual film collecting rate was as high as 93.2%,film scraping rate wss as high as 94.6%,the film leakage pickup rate wss 1.61%.The study provides theoretical basis and reference for the development of residual film recycling machine.