张载及关学的历史地位、精神境界和人格节操

The Historical Status, Spiritual Realm, and Moral Integrity of Zhang Zai and the Guanzhong School

张载不仅是关学的创始人,亦是宋代理学的重要开创者和奠基者,他建立了"自孟子以来,未之有也"(冯从吾语)的儒学思想体系,尤以其思想的深邃、博大、精严而成为宋明理学史上第一座高峰。其"四为"的使命意识、"民胞物与"的胸怀和境界以及在他影响下煅铸而成的关学学人特有的独立人格和气节操守,形成了在整个理学史上颇有特色的学派品格。这些品格在今天仍然对关中人的精神风貌、行为方式和文化性格发生着重要影响。

Zhang Zai was the founder of the Guanzhong School and one of the pioneers of Neo-Confucianism in the Song dynasty.He set up a new Confucian theoretical system,which was honored as the first peak in the history of Song–Ming Neo-Confucianism for its profundity,broadness,and rigorousness:“Since Mencius,there has never been anyone else like Zhang Zai.”His sense of mission,reflected in the four ontological goals he set for intellectuals,his breadth of vision manifested by his proposition that“all people are my brothers and sisters and all things are my kin,”and the independent personality and moral integrity fostered by the Guanzhong Confucians under his influence,shaped the distinctive character of the Guanzhong School of Neo-Confucianism.Today,this character has continued to have a signi cant impact on the mental outlook,behavioral manners,and cultural visage of the Guanzhong people.