春秋诸侯的“渎盟”行为与诸侯联盟的信任危机

Treachery and the Crisis of Confidence in the Alliances of the Spring and Autumn States

春秋诸侯联盟未能建立起有效的信任机制,是由于构成信任机制的三大核心因素——利益因素、诚信因素、霸权因素的固有缺陷导致的。多变的利益、乏力的诚信以及局限的霸权,三者相互交织、相互损耗所建构的信任机制无力保障诸侯联盟的持久稳定,从而催生出一系列有违盟誓初衷和基本精神的"渎盟"行为。逼盟、屡盟、寻盟、贿盟、质盟、改盟、背盟等亵渎盟誓的"异象"在春秋时期诸侯盟誓活动中触目皆是,究其根源乃在于联盟内部诸核心因素的自身缺陷及其相互间的龃龉难容。而现实中的渎盟行为又进一步瓦解盟誓的公信力,从而导致更为严重的信任危机。

The reason for the lack of an effective trust mechanism in the alliances of the Spring and Autumn states lay in inherent defects concerning its three key elements,that is,interest,integrity,and hegemony.Changing interests,weak integrity,and limited hegemony interweaved and wore each other down,producing alliances of states that were unable to maintain their stability,and giving rise to a series of treacheries against their basic goals and spirit.Making matters worse,these treacheries perpetrated by the dukes caused even more serious damage to the integrity of the alliances,which were thrown into an ever-deepening crisis of con dence.