贸易自由化、最低工资与企业出口国内附加值

Trade Liberalization, Minimum Wage and Domestic Value Added in Exports of Enterprises

本文利用2000-2006年中国进出口关税数据、工业企业数据和海关进出口数据,研究贸易自由化对企业出口国内附加值的影响。企业出口国内附加值这一数据能够很好地反映中国出口企业在国际出口贸易中实际参与程度,以及中国企业出口的实际竞争力。因此,本文以中国加入WTO作为一次自然实验,利用倍差法考察贸易自由化对企业出口国内附加值的影响及其作用机制。研究表明,贸易自由化对企业出口国内附加值有显著正影响;贸易自由化对企业出口国内附加值的提升效应与地区最低工资水平相关,即在最低工资标准越高的地区,贸易自由化对企业出口国内附加值的提升作用越大。因此,为促进企业出口国内附加值的进一步提高,中国应在深化贸易自由化改革的同时,合理运用和不断完善国内的最低工资标准制度。

We use Chinese tariff database,Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and Chinese Custom Database between 2000 and 2006 to study the impact of trade liberalization on the domestic value added in exports of enterprises.The domestic value added in exports of enterprises can reflect the actual participation of Chinese exporters in international export trade and the actual competitiveness of Chinese exporters well.Therefore,we take China's accession to WTO as a natural experiment,based on the firm-level data and conduct a difference-in-differences estimation to deeply study the impact of the trade liberalization on the domestic value added in export of enterprises and its mechanism.We find that the trade liberalization has a significant positive impact on the domestic value added in exports of enterprises.The effect of trade liberalization on the domestic value added in exports of enterprises is related to the minimum wage in the region,that is,the higher the minimum wage,the greater the impact of trade liberalization on the domestic value added in exports of enterprises.Therefore,in order to make the domestic value added in exports of enterprises can be further improved,China should reasonably use and constantly improve the minimum wage system while deepening the reform of trade liberalization.