北京市功能单位在职人员饮食行为对血脂异常的影响研究

Dietary Behaviors and Dyslipidemia in Full-time Employees of Functional Institutions in Beijing

目的研究北京市功能单位在职人员饮食行为对血脂异常的影响。方法对2014年4月—2015年4月在北京市体检中心参加体检的功能单位在职人员14 448人进行问卷调查。分析调查对象的一般情况、饮食行为、血脂异常发病情况,应用多因素Logistic回归分析分析饮食行为对血脂异常的影响。结果共检出血脂异常者1 399人,血脂异常发生率为9.7%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在校正性别、年龄的影响后,饮食口味偏甜[OR=0.783,95%CI(0.629,0.975)]是血脂异常的保护因素;食用早餐<1次/周[OR=2.811,95%CI(1.649,2.884)]、食用早餐1~3次/周[OR=1.761,95%CI(1.404,2.209)]、食用早餐4~5次/周[OR=1.396,95%CI(1.142,1.707)]、进食速度较快[OR=1.777,95%CI(1.401,2.254)]、进食速度很快[OR=1.899,95%CI(1.386,2.602)]是血脂异常的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论北京市功能单位在职人员存在许多不良饮食行为,对于血脂异常存在影响,其中不规律食用早餐和进食速度问题较为严重,应注意规律食用早餐、细嚼慢咽。

Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary behaviors and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in full-time employees of functional institutions in Beijing.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 14 448 full-time employees of functional institutions in Beijing who underwent physical examination at the Beijing Physical Examination Center from April 2014 to April 2015 with a self-developed questionnaire for collecting the data concerning sociodemographic characteristics,dietary behaviors and prevalence of dyslipidemia.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine the association between dietary behaviors and prevalence of dyslipidemia.Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 9.7%(1 399/14 448).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that,after adjusting for sex and age,having a sweet tooth was negatively correlated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia〔OR=0.783,95%CI(0.629,0.975)〕,while skipping breakfast 7 days(all days)per week〔OR=2.811,95%CI(1.649,2.884)〕,eating breakfast 1-3 times per week〔OR=1.761,95%CI(1.404,2.209)〕,eating breakfast 4-5 times per week〔OR=1.396,95%CI(1.142,1.707)〕,eating breakfast relatively fast〔OR=1.777,95%CI(1.401,2.254)〕,eating breakfast very fast〔OR=1.899,95%CI(1.386,2.602)〕were positively correlated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia(P<0.05).Conclusion Many bad eating behaviors,in particular,bad breakfast eating habits and fast eating speed,were found in the full-time employees of functional institutions in Beijing,which were associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia.In view of this,eating breakfast regularly and eating slowly are recommended for the prevention of dyslipidemia.