卒中后失语症语言康复机制和治疗研究进展

Advance in Recovery Mechanism and Treatment of Post-stroke Aphasia(review)

脑卒中所致失语症是一个普遍和致残性疾病。影响失语症患者语言功能恢复的因素包括病变的部位、大小、失语的类型及脑卒中严重程度等,个体因素还包括患者的性别、年龄、利手、受教育水平以及其他可能增强语言恢复的因素。语言功能恢复的机制有血流再灌注、神经功能联系不能的恢复、复苏结构断离以及语言网络功能重组。右侧大脑半球可能阻碍失语症患者语言的恢复;非语言特异相关脑网络与失语症的发生密切相关。针对卒中后失语症,除了经典的言语-语言治疗外,以重复经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激为主的非侵入性脑刺激技术越来越多应用于临床,其他辅助治疗手段包括药物治疗、中医针灸等。

Post-stroke aphasia is a common and disabling disease.The factors affecting the recovery of language function in aphasic patients include the location and size of injury,type of aphasia,and severity of stroke,etc.The individual factors include gender,age,handedness,educational level,and others.The mechanisms of recovery of language function include blood flow reperfusion,recovery of neural function linkage,disconnection of resuscitation structure and reorganization of language network functions.The right hemisphere may hinder the recovery of aphasia,and non-verbal-specific brain networks may relate to the occurrence of aphasia.For the treatment,in addition to classical speech-language therapy,non-invasive brain stimulation techniques,such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation,are more and more used clinically;Other treatments include drugs,acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine.