差异与重复:德勒兹论拟像

Difference and Repetition: Deleuze's discussions on Simulacrum

在法国当代哲学史上,德勒兹占据着非比寻常的位置,他重新审视了西方自柏拉图以来的、一再遭受压抑的拟像,让拟像与影像、摹本、重影、幻像、映像纷纷登上在他的"哲学剧场",演绎了一场场拟仿柏拉图主义的哲学戏剧,由之开启了"颠倒柏拉图主义"的伟大事业。在颠倒柏拉图主义的过程中,拟像是他重新思考柏拉图主义的出发点,是他对柏拉图主义进行分析的聚焦点,他经由克罗索夫斯基的尼采研究与现代主义作品,并从尼采的永恒回归与强力意志的视角重新审视了拟像问题,以"制造差异"为己任,否定了原本与摹本、原型与复制之间的等级结构,消解了同一性和相似性,肯定了拟像的力量,把拟像变成他的内在性哲学的重要问题域之一。在貌似反柏拉图主义的面具下,他实现了对柏拉图主义进行颠倒,向我们呈现了一种基于差异的内在性理念,由之更新或完善了柏拉图主义,为现代哲学和拟像理论开辟了新径。

Gilles Deleuze occupies an extraordinary pisition in the history of contemporary French philosophy,he reexamines the repeatedly repressed simulacrum since Plato and makes the simulacrum dance with the image,the copy,the double,the phantasm,the reflection on his“philosophical theatre”,he plays a series of philosophical drama which simulates Platonism,thereby opens the great enterprise of reversing Platonism.The simulacrum is the starting point of which Deleuze reconsiders Platonism and the focus point of which he analyzes Platonism.From the point of Nietzsche’s idea of eternal return and will to power,Deleuze reinterprets the problem of simulacrum through Pierre Klossowski’s theory of the simulacrum and modernist works,he puts forward“making difference”as his task and negates the hierarchical structure between the origin and the copy,the model and the duplication,he disintegrates the identity and the resemblance and affirms the virtual power of simulacrum,so the simulacrum becomes an important problem of his immanent philosophy.Under the mask of the apparent Anti-Platonism,Deleuze makes the reversal of Platonism and shows us a type of idea based on difference,therefore he renews or improves Platonism,and he makes a new way for modern philosophy and the theory of simulacrum.