批判与缅怀:疗救“乡土中国”的思考与实践

Criticism and Reminiscence: Reflections and Practice of Rescuing “Rural China”

鲁迅和张恨水对于乡村与城市、农民和市民的认知有抽象和精准之别。鲁迅的认知相对宏阔,在其小说中,农村、农民大多是抽象化的场景和群体,其重点是在拷问农民灵魂的麻木和愚昧。与之相对,张恨水的认知则比较精确,张恨水的小说虽然也含有对乡村、都市现代化进程的思考,但是他更多的是如实反映乡村大环境中的农民个体和农民生活实况,甚至兼及在城镇化过程中农民心理的变迁,细致而入微,虽然并未触及灵魂本质,但也提出了城乡对峙等值得探讨的严肃问题。

Lu Xun differs from Zhang Henshui for their abstract and accurate understanding respectively of the countryside and the city,the farmers and the citizens.The cognition of Lu Xun is relatively broad.In his novels,rural areas and farmers were mostly depicted as abstract scenes and abstract communities respectively,whose focus was to challenge the apathy and ignorance of farmers’souls.In contrast,the cognition of Zhang Henshui was more accurate.Although the novels of Zhang Henshui also covered the reflection on the modernization course of countrysides and cities,they were more faithful in depicting the individual farmers and their real life in a bigger environment of countryside,even along with the changes of farmers’mentality in urbanization depicted with great attention to details and nuances.Zhang Henshui revealed serious issues,such as the confrontation between urban and rural areas,which were worthy of explorations,though without going deep into the soul and nature of farmers.