国民革命时期“反革命罪”研究

The Study of "the Crime of Revolution" during the Period of the National Revolution

发生于1924年到1927年的国民大革命,革命主体从精英转向了平民,人民群众被广泛发动起来,出现人人竞谈"革命"、动辄"反革命"的奇观。武汉国民政府借此出台了《反革命罪条例》,将"反革命"的打击上升到法律层面。但打击范围的无限扩大,不仅买办阶层,甚至参加商会组织的商人上层群体也被列入革命对象,此举引发20年代末期的商会存废之争。直至南京国民政府建立,国民党在中国执政地位的确立,这场争斗才渐告结束。在中国20世纪20年代这一大破大立的革命语境下,动荡的社会破坏了原有的政治结构,"反革命罪"即是在原有法律破坏的情形下出台并实施的。随着政局的稳定,国家由破坏转为建设,这一模糊化的"反革命"罪名才逐渐消失。

It took place in the national revolution from 1924 to 1927.The main body of the revolution turned from the elite to the common people.The people were widely launched,and there was a spectacle of"revolution"and"anti-revolution".The Wuhan National Government introduced the Anti-revolution Crimes Ordinance to strike"anti-revolution"legally.However,the inexhaustible expansion of the scope of the attack not only involved the comprador class,but even the upper-level groups of merchants participating in the Chamber of Commerce,which symbolized the ruling position of the KMT in China,triggered the struggle for the end of the 1920s chamber of commerce.It was not until the establishment of the National Government in Nanjing ended the battle.In the revolutionary context of China’s great breakthrough in the 1920s,the turbulent society undermined its original political structure.The“anti-revolution crime”was introduced and implemented under the prevailing law.With the stability of the political situation,the country was transformed from destruction to construction.This fuzzified anti-revolution crime gradually disappeared.