巴尔干联合思想与实践的历史考察

A historical Study of Thought and Practice of Balkan Unity

近代以降,特别是1878年《柏林条约》签署以来,巴尔干地区一直是个多事之域。实际上,在巴尔干地区内部,不同民族、不同身份属性的人们在追求民族解放和国家独立的进程中相继提出诸多形态的巴尔干联合思想,践行巴尔干联盟或联邦运动。由于内部多样性、异质性和对立性突出,特别是缺乏对巴尔干联合事业的共同担当,加上大国和大国集团的干扰与反对,巴尔干革命民主主义者、社会主义者(包括社会民主党人和共产党人)以及二轨活动家的思想主张和实践运动或未能实现,或以失败告终。尽管如此,这些属于巴尔干地区积极和进步的一面,诠释了"巴尔干人的巴尔干"理念及其实践的困难,为理解和还原客观的巴尔干近现代史提供了丰富的素材和另类的视角。同样,消除地区内部分裂和对立并非朝夕之功,南斯拉夫解体带来的负面遗产将长期留存,欧洲一体化事业遭遇多面冲击,冷战结束后巴尔干国家集体选择融入欧洲大家庭以实现地区合作、谅解与进步的道路仍将漫长。

In history of the Balkans,people of different nationalities and different identities have successively proposed many forms of Balkan unity thought in the process of pursuing national liberation and national independence,and practiced the Balkan alliance or the federal movement.Due to internal diversity,heterogeneity and opposition,especially the lack of joint responsibility for the Balkan joint cause,coupled with opposition from big powers and big power groups,the thoughts and practices of Balkan revolutionary democrats,socialists(including social democrats and communists)and the second-track activists have either failed to materialize or ended in failure.Nevertheless,as the positive and progressive aspects of the Balkans,they interpreted the“the Balkans for the Balkan Peoples”concept and its practical difficulties,providing a rich source and alternative perspectives for understanding and restoring the objective Balkan modern history.Similarly,the elimination of internal divisions and confrontation in the region can’t be achieved in a single day.The negative legacy brought about by the disintegration of Yugoslavia will remain for a long time,and the cause of European integration will be multifaceted.After the end of the Cold War,the Balkan countries collectively choose to integrate into the European family in order to achieve regional cooperation,understanding and progress.They,however,still have long way to go.