在华俄罗斯人群体、结构及自治组织

Russian Group, Structure and autonomous Organization in China

从历史角度看,中国境内以俄语为母语者群体的形成及数量变化具有明显的时代特点。根据移民出现的历史时期、社会文化结构、社会融入程度和移民意图,中国境内以俄语为母语者主要可划分为六个不同的社会人口群体。在中俄关系日益深化的背景下,俄罗斯在华移民呈现出一些新形式,包括技术移民、退休人员移民、婚姻移民、教育移民,其社会经济行为亦出现新变化。在华俄罗斯人建立了多种自我组织形式,其功能也在逐渐完善。值得一提的是,俄罗斯国家在团结中国境内以俄语为母语者方面发挥着重要作用。与此同时,尚有一些因素阻碍着在华俄罗斯移民的社会融入。此文原载于俄罗斯学术期刊《学术评论》(?Научноеобозрение?)2017年第6期,经作者同意,在《俄罗斯学刊》中文发表。

From a historical perspective,the formation and quantitative changes of Russian-speaking groups in China have obvious characteristics of the times.According to the historical period,social and cultural structure,social integration level and intention of immigration,Russian-speakers can be divided into six different social population groups.Under the background of the deepening Sino-Russian relations,Russian immigrants in China have presented some new forms,including skilled immigrants,retiree immigrants,marriage immigrants,and educational immigrants.And their social and economic behavior has also changed.Russians in China have established a various forms of self-organization,and their functions.Are gradually improving.It is worth mentioning that the Russian state plays an important role in uniting Russianspeaking group in China.At the same time,there are still some factors that hinder the social integration of Russian immigrants in China.This article was originally published in the Russian scientific journal“Scientific Review”(2017,№6).