中国农村家庭资产贫困的测量与致因

Measurement of Household Asset Poverty in Rural China and Analysis on Its Causes

文章基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010、2012、2014年3期农村样本数据,分析了中国农村家庭资产贫困的水平与影响因素,得出的主要结论为:(1)收入贫困发生率持续走低的同时,资产贫困发生率呈先降低后升高的趋势,半数以上的农村家庭处于金融资产贫困状态。(2)3期数据中的收入贫困缺口率维持在11%的稳定水平,而资产贫困缺口率呈大幅度增长趋势。(3)资产贫困发生率存在户主及家庭特征的差异,房屋自有权对金融资产贫困的影响与其他两类资产有所差别。(4)中国农村家庭的资产动态为单一均衡,不存在多重均衡的贫困陷阱。(5)两期贫困状态下的家庭以结构性贫困为主,两期非贫困状态下的家庭以随机性非贫困为主,发生贫困转移的家庭主要为随机性流动。(6)健康冲击、政府补助对农村家庭的资产积累具有负向影响。在上述结论的基础上,文章提出将"个人发展账户"与最低生活保障制度相结合、推动农村地区小额信贷的发展、促进政府补助政策向资产积累方向转型的对策。

Based on the data from the rural household sample of China Family Panel Studies in 2010,2012 and 2014,the paper analyzes the level of rural households’asset poverty and its causes.The main conclusions are as follows.First,as the income poverty rate continued to drop,the level of asset poverty showed a downward trend,followed by an upward one.More than half of rural households were in poverty as measured with net financial assets.Second,while the income poverty gap ratios remained at 11%over the three waves,the asset poverty gap ratios showed a significant growth trend.Third,the asset poverty rates vary with the traits of household heads and family characteristics.The impact of house ownership on financial poverty differs from that on other assets poverty.Fourth,the changes of household asset in rural China have a single equilibrium rather than multiple equilibriums.Fifth,families impoverished for at least two waves are mainly in structural poverty.Other families fall into poverty randomly,and may switch between poverty and non-poverty randomly.Sixth,health shock and government subsidy had a negative impact on the accumulation of assets.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes the policy suggestions of combining“individual development account”with the subsistence allowances system,promoting the development of micro-finance in rural areas,and improving the transformation of government subsidy policies to asset accumulation.