国家高新区推动了中国产业结构转型升级吗

Do National High-Tech Zones Promote the Transformation and Upgrading of China's Industrial Structure

国家高新区已经成为新时代落实创新驱动发展战略、推动中国经济实现高质量发展的重要载体。本文利用1994—2015年中国285个地级市面板数据,采用双重差分法分析了国家高新区对产业结构转型升级的影响。研究发现:(1)国家高新区能显著促进产业结构高度化的量,但未促进产业结构高度化的质和产业结构合理化,即未推动中国产业结构转型升级;(2)国家高新区对产业结构转型升级的影响存在明显的成长周期异质性,"成熟型"国家高新区较"成长型"国家高新区对产业结构高度化的量的促进作用更为显著;(3)在"一市一区"与"一市多区"两种布点情形下,国家高新区对产业结构转型升级的影响不存在明显差异,均能显著促进产业结构高度化的量,抑制产业结构高度化的质;(4)国家高新区对产业结构高度化的质的影响不存在区域差异,但对产业结构高度化的量与产业结构合理化的影响存在显著区域差异,具体而言,东部发达城市的国家高新区对产业结构高度化的量与产业结构合理化的影响并不显著,而中西部欠发达城市的国家高新区对产业结构高度化的量具有显著促进作用,且对产业结构合理化产生了显著抑制作用。本文从引进高端人力资本、加快全产业链创新、促进科技成果转化、发展区位优势产业,以及积极推进"三次创业"等方面提出了对策建议。

The national high-tech zones have become an important carrier for implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and promoting the high-quality development of China’s economy in the new era.Based on the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 1994 to 2015,this paper analyzes the effect of national high-tech zones on the transformation and upgrading of China’s industrial structure(TUIS)through the difference-in-differences method.The study found that:①The national high-tech zones significantly promote the quantity of industrial structure advancement(ISA),but do not promote the quality of ISA and industrial structure rationalization(ISR),that is,they do not promote the TUIS;②The impact of national high-tech zones on TUIS has obvious growth cycle heterogeneity,the promotion effect of the“mature type”national high-tech zones on the quantity of ISA is more significant than the“growth type”national high-tech zones;③Under the two situations of“one city-one zone”and“one city-multiple zones”,there is no significant difference in the impact of the national high-tech zones on TUIS,both of them can significantly promote the quantity of ISA and inhibit the quality of ISA;④There is no regional difference in the impact of national high-tech zones on the quality of ISA,but there are significant regional differences in the effect on the quantity of ISA and IRS.Specifically,the national high-tech zones in eastern developed cities have no significant effect on the quantity of ISA and IRS,while in the central and western less developed cities they can promote the quantity of ISA,but inhibit IRS.Finally,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to introducing high-end human capacity,accelerating the innovation of the entire industrial chain,promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,developing location-based industries,actively advancing“the third time entrepreneurship”and other aspects.