电子商务平台应用与中国制造业企业出口绩效——基于“阿里巴巴”大数据的经验研究

E-commerce Platform and Exports Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises——Empirical Evidence Based on Big Data from Alibaba

本文在多目的国、多产品异质性企业贸易理论模型基础上,引入电子商务平台这一因素,分析了电子商务平台应用对企业出口的影响;在实证上,利用2000—2009年"阿里巴巴"中国站付费会员数据、中国工业企业数据和中国海关数据,采用倍差匹配法,对模型结论进行检验。结果表明:电子商务平台显著提高了企业进入出口市场的概率,促进了企业出口规模的扩大;从结构上看,出口规模的扩大主要源于国家和产品广延边际的提升,电子商务平台使得企业更多地向发达国家、远距离国家出口,在微观企业层面回应了"距离之谜";机制检验表明,电子商务平台主要通过提高生产效率、交易匹配效率和降低出口门槛三条路径促进出口;异质性检验表明,电子商务平台对中小企业、东部企业和一般贸易出口企业影响更显著。本文首次从理论与实证两方面系统考察了电子商务平台对企业出口的影响,对于政府近年来倡导的数字经济发展提供了有益启示。

In the theoretical study,this paper introduces e-commerce platform into multiple-destinaton countries,multiple-product heterogeneous firms trade theory model,and analyses the impact of e-commerce platform application on enterprises’export.In the empirical study,this paper uses the 2000-2009 year Chinese“Alibaba”pay membership data,the Chinese industrial enterprise data and the Chinese customs data,to test the conclusion of the theoretical model by using the PSM-DID method.The results show that e-commerce platform significantly improves the probability of enterprises entering the export market and promotes the export volume expansion of the enterprises.From the view of the growth structure,the growth of export volume is mainly due to the increase of the country level and product level extensive margin.E-commerce platform makes enterprises more export to developed countries and long distance countries,which responds to the“distance riddle”at the micro enterprise level.The mechanism analysis shows that e-commerce platform promotes export mainly through three ways:improving production efficiency,trade matching efficiency and reducing export threshold.Heterogeneity analysis shows that e-commerce platform has more significant impact on SMEs,developed area enterprises and general trade exports enterprises.This paper systematically examines the impact of e-commerce platform on the enterprises’export by theoretical and empirical study,which provides useful inspiration for the digital economy that the government has been advocating in recent years.