进口中间品质量、自主创新与企业出口国内增加值率

Import Intermediates Quality, Innovation and Firms' Export DVAR

中国经济已转向高质量发展阶段,对外贸易也应从"大进大出"转向"优进优出"。本文在扩展的Kee and Tang(2016)模型框架下,分析进口中间品质量对企业出口国内增加值率(DVAR)的静态影响和动态效应。静态条件下进口中间品质量与企业出口DVAR负相关,其通过自主创新产生"加成率效应"和"相对价格效应"动态改进企业出口DVAR。在此基础上,本文利用中国工业企业数据、海关数据和专利数据对理论假说进行了实证检验。结果表明:(1)进口中间品质量静态下与企业出口DVAR显著负相关,动态下全样本效应为负,一般贸易不显著,而加工贸易显著负相关;(2)研发行为对一般贸易进口中间品质量的动态影响具有调节效应,较高研发程度的企业该效应显著为正;(3)对影响渠道的检验发现,创新对企业出口DVAR作用的显著中介变量是加成率和相对价格;(4)进一步分析发现,更高显性比较优势、更低与技术前沿差距和更优省份市场化指数对创新活动具有明显正向调节效应。上述结论表明,推动进口政策由出口导向向创新导向升级是建设更高全球价值链地位下贸易强国的有效途径。

China’s economy has turned to the stage of high quality development,and foreign trade should also turn from“massive imports and massive exports”to“quality imports and quality exports”.Under the framework of the extended Kee and Tang(2016)model,this paper analyzes the static and dynamic effects of import intermediate quality on the firms’export domestic value added ratio(DVAR).Under the static condition,the quality of import intermediate is negatively related to the firms’export DVAR,and it dynamically improves the firms’export DVAR through independent innovation,resulting in“markup effects”and“relative price effects”.On this basis,this paper empirically tests the theoretical propositions through ASIF,customs data and the patent data.The results show that:①under static condition,the quality of import intermediate and export DVAR are significantly negative correlated,the full sample dynamic effect is negative,while subsample of ordinary trade is not significant;②the innovation behavior has a moderating effect on ordinary trade,the dynamic effects are significantly positive when the level of innovation is sufficiently enough;③check on the channel of innovation effects on the export firms finds that intermediary variables are markups and the relative price;④further analysis shows that higher RCA,lower technology gap and better provincial market index have obviously positive effects on innovation activities.The above conclusions prove that the promotion of import policy from export to innovation oriented is an effective way to build a stronger trade power under the higher position of global value chain.