国家建构视阈下缅甸联邦政府与佤邦联合军关系探究

A Study of the Relationship between the Union Government and United Wa State Army(UWSA) from the Perspective of Myanmar's State-building

1988年奈温军人政权被推翻后,缅甸新军人政府执政,自此开始了民族和解进程。1989年5月9日,联邦政府抓住时机,与从缅甸共产党武装分裂出来的佤邦联合军(UWSA)达成了历史性的停火协议,随后双方关系迅速升温,维持和巩固了和平稳定的局面,从而推动了缅甸政府与其他少数民族地方武装签署停火协议。然而,停火后双方利益上的冲突性与关系的复杂性仍然突出。在国家建构的视阈下,缅甸联邦政府推动的政治整合、武装统合、经济融合的"三合"进程引发了佤邦联合军的不满,军方对佤联军的容忍度也日益下降。虽然全国民主联盟(NLD)领导的民选政府力促全国民族和解进程,但是联邦政府与佤邦联合军实现根本性妥协的前景依然黯淡。

Since Ne Win Junta’s ruling was toppled in 1988,the Myanmar Union Government has been pushing forward reconciliations with ethnic armed groups.In this process,the Union government seized the opportunity and reached the historical ceasefire agreement on May 9th 1989 with the United Wa State Army(UWSA),which was separated from the military forces of the Communist Party of Burma when the party collapsed.The relationship improved rapidly,and the two sides were in peace.Subsequently,more ceasefire agreements between the Union government and other ethnic armed groups were signed.However,their relationships are still plagued with conflicts and complexities.In view of state-building,the approaches of political amalgamation,army unification,economic conglomeration taken by the Union Governments triggered resentment from the UWSA.Such resentment is also aggravated by the Union Government’s declining tolerance toward other ethnic armed groups.Even though the civil government led by NLD is pushing forward national reconciliation with its full strength,the prospect of radical concession from the government and the UWSA is still gloomy.