论泰国政治整合马来穆斯林族群的政策——以“后銮披汶时代”为中心的考察

The Thai Political Integration Policy towards Malay Muslims in the Post-Luang Phibul Songkhram Era

对泰国来说,现代民族国家建构依然是一道没有完成的题目。在制度安排上,泰国政府依然拒绝授予马来穆斯林地区以自治权。尽管泰国对马来穆斯林族群进行了政治整合,但目前并未取得预期效果,马来穆斯林族群"反国家整合"的局面依然存在。在20世纪60—80年代期间,马来穆斯林采取武装叛乱的方式反抗泰国国家整合。泰南边境地区在20世纪80—90年代期间保持了相对稳定。不过,2004年以来,暴力袭击事件的频发再度致使泰南边境地区陷入动荡之中。如何在国家与地方两个政治层面上持续地制定并落实具有协商性与包容性的整合马来穆斯林族群的制度和政策,是泰国处理马来穆斯林问题,也是最终将马来穆斯林族群整合进入泰国社会的关键所在。

Thailand is still yet to complete its construction of a modern nation-state.The Thai government still refuses to grant autonomy to the Malay Muslims in institutional arrangements.Thailand has launched its political integration policy towards the Malay Muslim community for over one century,but the desired results have not been achieved.There still exists an“anti-state integration”sentiment from the ethnic Malay Muslims.During the late 1950s and 1980s,Malay Muslims resisted Thailand’s national integration by armed rebellions.The southern border provinces of Thailand,on the other hand,remained relatively stable from mid-1980s to 1990s.Since 2004,however,frequent occurrences of violent attacks caught the border areas of southern Thailand in deep turbulence once again.It is important for the Thai government to continuously design and implement the policies of political integration to the ethnic Malay Muslims on both central and local political levels with a spirit of collaboration and inclusiveness,which is essential to dealing with the violent conflicts in southern Thailand.This process is also crucial to the integration of the Malay Muslim community into the Thai society.