杭州萧山溪头黄汉墓发掘报告

THE EXCAVATION OF THE BURIALS OF THE HAN DYNASTY AT XITOUHUANG VILLAGE,XIAOSHAN DISTRICT,HANGZHOU

溪头黄古墓葬区位于杭州市萧山区西山南部蜈蚣山南侧的溪头黄社区,墓地东北距萧山区政府约5公里,现属蜀山街道管辖,面积约4000平方米。在村北侧的柴岭山、蜈蚣山一带的山岗上发现大量土墩墓〔1〕,其北为湘湖风景名胜区,有距今约8000年的跨湖桥遗址〔2〕和距今约2500年的越王城遗址(图一)。1984年6月,在配合杭州萧山城南乡黄家河社区提花布厂基建进行考古发掘过程中,在距发掘地南面约3公里处的溪头黄社区暴露了许多古墓葬,墓葬封土均被大型推土机铲平,多数墓葬仅存墓底,遗物绝大多数被压破。

The Xitouhuang Cemetery of the Han Dynasty was located in Xitouhuang Village to the south of the seat of Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou City.The cemetery was about 5 km from the location of the Xiaoshan District Government and covering an area of about 4000 sq m.From August 20 through October 25,1984,Hangzhou Municipal Garden and Cultural Relics Administration Bureau conducted rescue excavation to this cemetery,which recovered 76 burials and unearthed 1012 pieces(sets)of artifacts.Of these burials,59 were that of the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties,yielding 936 pieces(sets)of artifacts,including pottery vessels,stoneware vessels,bronzes,iron objects,jades,glass beads,agates,eyebrow ink stone,ear plugs,wooden rack,etc.According to the changes of the burial structures and grave good assemblages and referring to the datable bronze mirrors and coins unearthed from these burials,these burials are divided into five phases,which are the mid Western Han Dynasty,the late Western Han Dynasty,the Xin Dynasty(Wang Mang Interregnum)to the early Eastern Han Dynasty,mid Eastern Han Dynasty and late Eastern Han Dynasty.The burials of the Han Dynasty at Xitouhuang Cemetery have large number,rich types and complete evolution sequence;from the mid Western Han to the late Eastern Han Dynasty,each phase has representative cases and clear characteristics.In the fill of the vertical earthen pit burials,there were often a layer of pebbles bedded,and on their bottoms,grooves for joists were also often seen.These are the unique local features.By analyzing the burial structures and the characteristics of typical artifacts,some burials of the mid and late Eastern Han Dynasty are identified.The burials of the mid and late Eastern Han Dynasty found in Zhejiang in the past were mostly brick-chamber tombs,which were usually severely looted and very few grave goods were left.The burials of the mid and late Eastern Han Dynasty of the Xitouhuang Cemetery were rather well preserved and yielding large amount of grave goods,which provided valuable materials for us to understand the funeral customs of the Eastern Han Dynasty and reliable data for us to refine the chronology of the burials of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Some artifacts,such as the low-temperature lead-glazed pottery pot with dish-shaped rim and the bronze mirror with the inscription of uB ix ie(evil dispeller)w and“T ian lu(heavenly emolument)”,provided new clues for the solution of the relevant problems.