固体燃料催化助燃剂的研究进展

Research progress on combustion catalysts for solid fuel

催化助燃剂在固体燃料优化燃烧中具有改善燃烧性能、提高燃烧效率、减少污染物排放等优点。一方面,对于燃烧性能较差的固体燃料,催化助燃剂能够降低着火温度,稳定燃烧,减少硫、氮氧化物的释放;另一方面,对于结渣倾向较强的固体燃料,催化助燃剂在优化燃烧的同时还具有影响灰渣生成特性,缓解结渣结焦的作用。本文分析了固体燃料燃烧过程中存在的问题,总结了有机化合物和金属化合物等催化助燃剂及添加方式对固体燃料催化燃烧的影响,从氧传递和电子转移角度阐述了催化助燃剂的催化燃烧机理,并对未来复合催化剂及固体废弃物催化助燃研究进行了展望。

Combustion catalysts had the advantages of ameliorating combustion performance,improving combustion efficiency and reducing the pollutant discharge.On the one hand,for solid fuel with poor combustion performance,catalysts could reduce the ignition temperature,stabilize combustion and reduce the release of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.On the other,for solid fuel with strong slagging tendencies,catalysts could optimize combustion,affect the ash generation and relieve slagging as well as coking.In this paper,the problems in solid fuel combustion were analyzed.The effects on catalytic combustion of catalysts,such as organic compounds and metal compounds,and adding modes were summarized.The catalytic mechanisms of catalysts were discussed from the theory of oxygen and electron transfers.The further developments of composite catalysts and solid wastes for catalytic combustion were on prospect.