长沙城市化发展背景下的气候变化特征

The Characteristics of Climate Change under the Background of Urbanization in Changsha

利用1970—2016年长沙站的气象数据研究了长沙城市发展对局地气候的影响。发现近年来长沙市冷暖变化加剧,年平均气温、地面最高温度呈增加趋势,高温日数增多,高温热浪现象明显;雨季降水量呈增加趋势;最大风速呈下降趋势;能见度小于1 km的概率在近两年内急速增加,霾日数已超过雾日数,且呈增加趋势。表明城市化发展导致的热岛效应、凝结核增加、土地利用变化及工业化加快等对气候造成了很大的影响,因此在发展城市建设的同时,要关注城市发展对气候的影响。

Influence on local climate in Changsha by urban development had been studied with the 1970-2016 meteorological data of Changsha station,which found the changes in heating and cooling had intensified in recent years,the annual mean temperature and the highest ground temperature showed an increasing trend,high temperature days had increased,and the heat wave phenomenon was obvious;The precipitation in the rainy season was increasing;The maximum wind speed was decreasing;The probability of visibility less than 1 km had increased rapidly in the past two years,the number of haze days had exceeded the number of foggy days,and which was increasing.It was indicated that the heat island effected,the increase of condensation nucleus,the change of land use and the accelerated industrialization of urbanization had a great impact on the climate,therefore,while developing urban construction,influence of urban development on climate should be paid more attention.