新型涡轮式气启动马达的结构设计

Structure design of novel turbine pneumatic starter motor

针对工程车辆使用特点和发动机的配置需求,设计了一种新型涡轮式气启动马达,通过对单向器、齿轮推进装置以及连接装置等进行结构创新,避免了顶齿现象发生,且它具有体积小、强度高、传动可靠、寿命长以及小齿轮拆换方便等优点。动力总成设计采用双级冲击式涡轮转子,由2个定子和2个转子组成气道,提高了气体动能利用率。传动总成设计是在现有棘轮式单向器基础上加以改进,采用滚动摩擦和轴承支承结构,使得空气通过气路接口推动活塞轴向移动,减少了零件个数及摩擦。减速总成设计采用行星减速器,可实现极低速运转,同时具有质量轻、体积小、转矩和过载能力大、摩擦少且结构简单等优点。对该马达进行现场试验测试,试验结果表明,该结构与汽车发动机更为匹配,更能满足发动机启动要求,使机动车发动机顺利启动;其适应气源条件更宽,在无补气条件下可实现车辆多次启动,使得车辆气启动更为可靠。该新型气启动马达为发动机启动提供了一种选择,也对国内气动马达的发展起到了促进作用。

According to the characteristics of engineering vehicles,on the basis of engine configu-ration^a novel turbine pneumatic starter motor is designed.Some innovations was applied to the devices in starter drive,such as gear propulsion and the installing connection,and the gear clash was avoided,and the small volume,good strength,reliable transmission,long service lifetime and convenient exchanging of small gears were realized.The two stage impact turbine rotor was used on the powerplant mounting system and the intake port was made up of two stators and two rotors raising the gas kinetic energy utilization.The power transmission assembly was improved based on the ratchet clutch,the rolling friction and bearing supports were used to make the piston axialtravelby the air throughairwayinterface,whichdecreasedthenumberof parts and friction.The planetaryreducerwasusedon thedeceleratorassemblythatcouldrun on lowspeed,which had agoodadvantageof lightweight,small volumebigtorqueandoverloadlittlefriction and simplestructure.Thein-situ testwas madeon the motor.Theexperimentshowedthatthe structure was proportion to the car engine and more adaptive to the engine starting characteristics and requirement,which could be applied on the start of locomotive engine.The motor had wider source conditions,and the vehicles could be started multi-times without air admission,which made the start more reliable.The structure design provides an alternative way for engine starting,whichalsoplays arole inpromotingthedomesticpneumaticstartermotor.