纳米纤维素及其聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

Research progress of nanocellulose and its polymer nanocomposites

纳米纤维素(nanocellulose,NC)是一种具有优异力学性能、质轻、高比表面积、可再生、可生物降解等特性的新型纳米材料,纳米纤维素与聚合物结合得到的复合材料被视为新一代生物质基纳米复合材料。文章首先概述了微纤化纤维素(MFC)、纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)和细菌纳米纤维素(BC)3种主要纳米纤维素的特性及其主要的制备方法,并对其制备过程中存在的问题进行分析。其次,文章简述了纳米纤维素在亲水性聚合物(淀粉、聚乙烯醇、水性聚氨酯等)和非亲水性聚合物(聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚羟基烷酸酯和环氧树脂等)纳米复合材料方面的研究进展。最后,指出纳米纤维素在绿色工业化生产过程中还需解决生产成本、分离技术、能耗和环境污染等问题。此外,提高纳米纤维素与聚合物之间的界面相容性,开发以纳米纤维素为主体成分的新型纳米复合材料是今后发展的一个重要方向。

Nanocellulose(NC)is a new nano-material with excellent mechanical properties.It is light,renewable,biodegradable and has high specific surface area and many other superior properties.The composites based on nanocellulose and polymers are considered as a new generation of biomass-based nanocomposites.The characteristics and main preparation methods for the three types of nanocellulose,including microfibrillated cellulose(MFC),nanocrystalline cellulose(NCC)and bacterial nanocellulose(BC),were firstly discussed,and the problems existing in the nanocellulose preparation were analyzed.Subsequently,the research progress of the nanocellulose polymer nanocomposites derived from both hydrophilic(starch,polyvinyl alcohol and waterborne polyurethane)and hydrophobic[poly(lactic acid),poly(ε-caprolactone),polyhydroxyalkanoates and epoxy]polymers were reviewed.Finally,the problems of production cost,separation,energy consumption and environmental protection in the green industrial preparation of nanocellulose are discussed.Furthermore,the improvement of the interface compatibility between nanocellulose and polymer,as well as the development of new nanocomposites with nanocellulose as the main components will be important directions in the future development of this field.