基于社会比较的主观社会阶层过程模型

The Model of the Development of Subjective Social Status Based on Social Comparison

主观社会阶层是个人对自己在社会阶层结构中所占据位置的感知,影响人们的社会态度和行为。通过对相对剥夺论、生存焦虑论等相关理论的整合,以社会比较为基础,建构了主观社会阶层形成的过程模型并加以检验。对2017年社会心态调查(CASS-INTELLVISION Social Mentality Survey)的16 667个样本数据的分析验证了模型假设,主观社会阶层的形成过程源于与他人在收入、受教育机会、职业和居住条件等方面所进行的社会比较,在这一过程中,社会比较一方面通过生活满意度的中介作用影响主观社会阶层,一方面与社会公平感相互作用影响主观社会阶层。基于此,针对当前主观社会阶层偏低的现状,研究提出了提升社会各领域公平性、减少相对剥夺感、增加生活满意度,以此改变主观社会阶层格局的建议。

Subjective social status is a person's perception of his position in the social stratum structure,which influences peopleC social attitudes and behaviors.Based on the relative theories,such as the theory of relative deprivation and the theory of ex-istential anxiety,this research proposed a model of the development of the subjective social status based on social comparison.The 16667 samples from the CASS-INTELLVISION Social Mentality Survey were analyzed and the proposed model was verified.The re-sults show that subjective social status derives from social comparison in income,education opportunities,occupation,and living conditions.During this process,satisfaction withi life plays a role as a mediator and the perception of social fairnes plays a modera-ting role.Based on these findings,to change the current lower level of subjective social status,the paper proposes that the structure of subjective social status can be enhanced by improving the social fairness,reducing the sense of relative deprivation and increasing satisfaction with life.