糯大麦与非糯大麦颖果发育过程的解剖学与组织化学研究

Anatomical and Histochemical Studies on the Development of Caryopsis in Waxy and Non-Waxy Barley

为了明确糯大麦与非糯大麦颖果发育的差异,该研究以糯大麦代表性品种(‘白青稞’、‘甘垦5号’)和非糯大麦代表性品种(‘扬农啤10号’和‘苏裸麦1号’)为材料,采用体视显微镜观察、组织化学染色、树脂半薄切片和光学显微镜观察等方法,比较研究了糯大麦与非糯大麦颖果及其胚乳淀粉体发育的过程。结果显示:(1)糯大麦和非糯大麦颖果的形态变化,以及鲜、干重和含水率等的变化规律基本一致,生长曲线均呈"S"型。(2)两类大麦颖果胚乳和果皮的I2/KI染色结果不同,糯大麦胚乳的I2/KI染色结果为红褐色,其果皮被染为蓝黑色,而非糯大麦胚乳和果皮均被I2/KI染成蓝黑色,表明糯大麦和非糯大麦的颖果果皮里直链淀粉含量都较高,且糯大麦胚乳内以支链淀粉为主,而非糯大麦的胚乳内以直链淀粉为主。(3)糯大麦胚乳淀粉体的出现时间早于非糯大麦,且其中小淀粉体的比例高于非糯大麦,淀粉体充实状况也好于非糯大麦。(4)与非糯大麦相比,糯大麦表观直链淀粉以及总淀粉含量较低,但可溶性糖含量较高。研究表明,糯大麦颖果生长规律与非糯大麦类似,但内含物淀粉的积累规律不同。

To explore the difference between waxy and non-waxy barley,we used two waxy barley and two non-waxy barley cultivars as materials in this paper.The development of caryopsis in waxy and non-waxy barley were investigated by stereomicroscopy observation,histochemical staining,resin semi-thin slicing and optical microscope observation.The results showed that:(1)the changes of fresh weight,dry weight and moisture content of waxy and non-waxy barley were basically consistent,and the growth curve was as‘S’.(2)The results of I 2/KI staining for the endosperm and pericarp of two kinds of barley were different.The endosperm of waxy barley was stained red-brown by I 2/KI and its pericarp was stained blue-black,but the endosperm and pericarp of waxy barley were both stained blue-black by I 2/KI,and both waxy and non-waxy barley have high amylose content in the pericarp.(3)The occurrence of waxy barley endosperm amyloplast was earlier than that of non-waxy barley,and the proportion of small amyloplast was higher than that of non-waxy barley.Also,the endosperm starch filling degree of waxy barley was better than that of non-waxy barley.(4)Compared with non-waxy barley,waxy barley showed lower apparent amylase and total starch content but higher soluble sugar content.The results show that the caryopsis growth law of waxy barley is similar to that of non-waxy barley,but the accumulation law of the starch is different.